Cheese report :: essays research papers

String Cheese Spot of Origin: Although nibble size sticks of mozzarella are currently sold under this name, genuine string cheddar started in Syria, and regularly arrives in an interlaced rope. The flavor is like mozzarella, however saltier. Fixings: String cheddar is typically produced using Mozzarella cheddar. The fixings used to make Mozzarella cheddar comprises of: purified part-skimmed dairy animals' milk with starter societies, proteins, and salt. It can likewise come in smoked and unsmoked renditions, frequently with garlic and onion included. Strategies for Making: String cheddar is primarily produced using mozzarella cheddar. The main distinction is it’s shaped instead of expelled, however in any case the cheeses are fundamentally the same as. Mozzarella is made with sanitized part-skimmed bovine's milk with starter societies, catalysts, and salt. Aging of Curing Time: String cheeses are residential items, which are sold as new cheddar without maturing. String cheddar has a place in the Italian classification of ‘pasta filata’, for which the common methodology includes a warmth treatment of a cheddared curd at temperatures between 65-70 °C. Such cheddar is frequently produced using un-purified milk with high corrosiveness; the warmth treatment of the curd guarantees that the cheddar is sheltered to eat and by and large has a timeframe of realistic usability of half a month whenever kept in legitimate cold stockpiling. Smoked String cheddar has delayed time span of usability because of the additive impact of smoking. Depiction of Cheese: Sting cheddar has is light yellow/white with a smooth surface. It is generally tube shaped, around 6 inches in length and under 1 inch in breadth. It has a pleasantly gentle flavor with basically no smell or delayed flavor impression. Utilizations: It is almost consistently mozzarella yet can be another semi-delicate cheddar. String cheddar is eaten by pulling "strings" of cheddar from the chamber along its length and eating these strings. It is viewed as a â€Å"snack food.† It is likewise known to be added to plates of mixed greens and pizzas. Legitimate Storage: Soft cheeses ruin rapidly and must be refrigerated until utilized. To forestall drying out, cheddar ought to be deliberately secured with a damp material, waxed paper or foil. At whatever point conceivable, the first covering or spread ought to be left on the cheddar. This cheddar may likewise be solidified, yet this may make the cheddar become dry and brittle. The cheddar ought to be bundled in little pieces gauging a pound or less and utilized as not long after defrosting as could reasonably be expected. Intriguing Information: Cheddar may come in first, however Mozzarella is next in line with regards to per capita utilization in the U.

Psychological Theories

Mental Theory Psych525 Psychological Theory This paper looks at how a person’s social ethnocentric viewpoint makes them respond to an individual from another culture dependent on the conduct/social intellectual hypothesis. For the reasons for portrayal, this introduction will investigate both Irish and Japanese ethnocentric points of view and how they identify with each other utilizing the conduct/social psychological hypothesis. Ethnocentricity Before proceeding to depict Irish and Japanese social cooperation, there should be away from of what is implied by ethnocentric points of view. As indicated by Segall, Dasen, Berry, and Poortinga (1999) an ethnocentric viewpoint is the conviction that a person’s culture is the focal point of all. The other piece of an ethnocentric viewpoint is that it advances postive sentiments of self while making negative idea designs about others (Segall et al, 1999). Conduct/Social Cognitive Theory This hypothesis was based upon the hypothesis that conduct is an educated reaction principally learned through social condition (Cervone and Pervin, 2010). Social-subjective scholars additionally accept that a person’s intellectual capacities consider development past the underlying ecological supporters (Cervone and Pervin, 2010). A person’s culture speaks to their essential social condition and in this way is the dominating supporter of their character advancement. This social mindfulness, or ethnocentric point of view, gives a structure of believed that influences a person’s future turn of events. Conduct Cognitive hypothesis presents focuses, for example, abstaining from clashing upgrades and endeavoring to meet harmony state by methods for utilizing their subjective components. Subjective components are components, for example, values, convictions, information, and mentalities (Awa and Nwuche, 2010). The social part of this hypothesis depicts the musings that assessment of such encounters happen in setting with utilizes past encounters. Also, the social part of the hypothesis assists with clarifying how as social creatures we fill in as â€Å"information preparing machines† (Landau et al, 2010). By the utilization of this mix of speculations, we can clarify and assess in a more profound manner two exceptionally particular societies. The Irish and the Japanese societies are two societies so profoundly established, their way of life fills in as a methods for additional understanding social elements. Irish Ethnocentric Perspective Ireland’s culture is folded over its loss of opportunity and loss of self after colonization by England (Howard, 2009). Ireland is a predominately Catholic country while the colonizing English were Protestant causing significant strains towards England (Howard, 2009). The Irish view their country as one of culture and harmony in correlation with England’s militarism (Howard, 2009). The colonization by England, similarly as with numerous different countries, brought about lost language (Howard, 2009). A development that got a move on during the 1970’s permitted Ireland to recapture its language (Pinter, 2010). The Irish likewise see themselves as Celtic, a subset of â€Å"white† (Chan, 2006). This racial personality was significant in light of the fact that the English saw them as something less developed or refined (Chan, 2006). Irish pride is found in the battle to recapture their religion, their language and their national personality and freedom from the English (Pinter, 2010). Japanese Despite the fact that it could be contended that ethnocentric predisposition generally influences those nations that are differently populated, Japan can be an exemption. Japan is known regularly to be made out of a homogeneous populace. Japanese culture is known to disengage themselves strategically and socially from pariahs. â€Å"Gaijin† is a term generally utilized in Japan to portray pariahs or an out-gathering. Preceding the 1860’s, the Tokugawa Shoguns received a strategy upholding the confinement of their kin. This approach limited the contact between the Japanese society and individuals all things considered (Neuliep et al, 2001). A century has cruised by, and the vast majority of the Japanese culture despite everything keeps up that isolation attitude towards out-gatherings. The Japanese culture is a case of how even the most evolved province can gangs such ethnocentric predispositions. The Japanese culture isn't happy to acclimatize out-bunches into their general public. This recognition ventures to treating Koreans who were brought up in Japan, and communicate in the Japanese language as â€Å"Gaijin† or outcasts. The Koreans brought up in Japan must experience the segregation and the preference (Neuliep et al, 2001). End <lets talk about the collaboration and finished with that here? > References Awa, H. O. , and Nwuche, C. A. (2010). Subjective Consistency in Purchase Behavior: Theoretical and Empirical Analyses. Worldwide Journal of Psychological Studies, 2(1), 44-54. Recovered from EBSCOhost. Cervone, D. , and Pervin, L. A. (2010). Character: Theory and research (eleventh ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Chan, S. (2006). ‘Kiss My Royal Irish Ass. ‘ Contesting character: Visual culture, sex, whiteness and diaspora. Diary of Gender Studies, 15(1), 1-17. doi:10. 1080/09589230500486850 Howard, B. (2009). In Sunlight and in Shadow. Sewanee Review, 117(4), 665. Recovered from EBSCOhost. <Looking for my reference here> Maclaran, P. , and Stevens, L. (2009). Magners man: Irish juice, portrayals of manliness and the ‘Burning Celtic Soul. ’. Irish Marketing Review, 20(2), 77-88. Recovered from EBSCOhost. Neuliep, J. W. , Chaudoir, M. , and McCroskey, J. C. (2001). A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Ethnocentrism Among Japanese and United States College Students. Correspondence Research Reports, 18(2), 137-146. Recovered from EBSCOhost. Pinter, M. (2010). English or Irish? Social patriot philosophy in late nineteenth century Ireland. Release of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series IV: Philology and Cultural Studies, 3(52), 233-242. Recovered from EBSCOhost. Segall, M. H. , Dasen, P. R. , Berry, J. W. , and Poortinga, Y. H. (1999). Human conduct in worldwide viewpoint: A prologue to culturally diverse brain research (second ed. ). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon/Pearson. Smyth, G. (2004). Ireland unplugged: the foundations of Irish society/trad. (Con)Fusion. Irish Studies Review, 12(1), 87-97. Recovered from EBSCOhost. Sturgeon, S. (2006). Maria Edgeworth, William Carleton, and the Battle for the Spirit of Ireland. Irish Studies Review, 14(4), 431-445. doi:10. 1080/09670880600984400

Essay Writing Needs - Proposing a Thesis Proposal

Essay Writing Needs - Proposing a Thesis ProposalIt's never too early to begin preparing a thesis proposal. It is as important as writing your thesis.Thesis Proposal: Generally speaking, the thesis proposal is a document of which the advisor knows or ought to know about. A separate draft of this document can be written on its own. If there is no hard copy document, then the summary of the supporting argument and other required documents can be sent along with the original proposal.How much time should I spend with my thesis advisor? Each student's situation is different. The advisor's guidance, input, advice, and consultation are all crucial to the success of their academic career.Your adviser will have an excellent support system in place that includes the rest of your academic advisers. They will provide information, advice, guidance, and recommendations for your study experience. When you go to college, you will need the rest of your academic advisers, your roommate, and your dorm mate, to help you keep track of coursework.What are the options for students to fulfill their unique academic experience? One option is to complete your thesis independently. You will get a chance to spend more time with your adviser, which can provide a deeper understanding of your advisor's concepts and concerns. You will have access to a higher quality education than if you were to attend classes in a group setting where the atmosphere and group-type activities would interfere with your ability to concentrate.An independent thesis program can be a learning experience you can rely on. At the same time, it can be very fulfilling and rewarding. It's all the more reason that your adviser should be able to maximize your independence, not undermine it.To best understand and follow your thesis advisor's advice, it's important to understand what exactly a thesis is and how it's different from any other work you've done in the past. Undergraduate students write their first thesis in most cases as an alternative to a regular college curriculum. Many students want to complete a thesis that will qualify them for graduation.In order to get into a higher education program, a student must have a high grade point average (GPA) or have exceptional performance on standardized tests. In order to become a professional writer, or doctoral candidate, a student needs to earn a master's degree. A thesis can help students understand what exactly they are looking for when they begin their academic careers.

Inclusive Education Laws and Policies - 3095 Words

Inclusive education INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: LAWS AND POLICIES FOR INCLUSIVE LEARNING LEVEL 3 ADVANCED BTEC Learning outcome 1: Demonstrate understanding of what is meant by the term Inclusive Education and its relationship to the Warnock commission of 1981. Inclusive Education is a philosophy which challenges the traditional approach to regard disability and disabled people as an after-thought stating that disability is a part of common experience of humanity. It is the approach which caused a shift that disabled people and people with learning difficulties could enter the world as equals (Brown, 1992). Inclusion in education means that it is unlawful to discriminate between on pupils on grounds of race, sex,†¦show more content†¦Thus the attitude to special education in general started to change and their teaching seemed to be more accessible to teachers in mainstream schools. It was an era of recession and educational disenchantment. The conservative administration led by Thatcher, school reforms were moving up the government agenda (Gillard, 2011). With the globalisation of most of the economies, more and more migrants were entering the country and hence pupils from different communities were becoming a part of the schools . But it was found that all the acts were not followed by the schools and pupils were discriminated on the basis of disability, race and sex basis, thus the current system was not working perfectly. Therefore Warnock Committee of Inquiry into the Education of Handicapped Children and Young People, Chaired by Mary (Later Baroness) Warnock was appointed. The 1944 Education Act, categorised children with special educational needs by their disabilities. Many of them were considered as uneducable and pupils were labelled into categories such as maladjusted or educationally sub-normal and given special educational treatment. But the Warnock report was aimed of trying to include all children in a common educational framework and representative of broader international trend. It introduced the idea of special education needs (SEN), Statements of SEN, and an Integrative which later on becomes Inclusive Show MoreRelatedOutline Policy And Regulatory Frame Work Essay1021 Words   |  5 PagesSummarise policy and regulatory frame work relating to inclusive practice. Education faces the challenge of enabling Students with special educational needs in school Inclusive. However, understanding what the public policies of inclusive education are The legal documents are fundamental to identify the advances and setbacks in the system educational. With the objective of contributing to the field of public policies of special education From an inclusive perspective, we seek to know theRead MoreEducational Policies For Inclusive Education1701 Words   |  7 Pagescorrelation between the strength of inclusive education in schools and the values held by its leaders† (Porter AuCoin, 2012, p.146). The issue of inclusion is education is one that is surrounded by different ideological perspectives. In order to examine the policies surrounding inclusive education in Canada it is first necessary to understand the specific question at hand, who will be affected by the policy issue, as well as who has the power to make changes to this policy issue. Once there is a clearRead MoreInclusion Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagesin Australia such as schools, law enforcement agencies and government service providers have obligations to enforce the rights for fair and equitable treatment for all citizens that reflect broader global human right policies (Elkins, 2008). Worldwide human rights statements deem it unacceptable to discriminate against people because of race, age, gender, cultural or social background or disability, and this forms the basis for Australia’s standards in human rights law (Ashman, 2008; Australian HumanRead MorePolicies and Legislation Related To Inclusive Educati on Could Influence Society993 Words   |  4 PagesBriefly discuss how you believe policies and legislation related to Inclusive Education influence attitudes toward the way society accepts difference. As I have eagerly anticipated meeting my practical classes in the last three years, I take with me the knowledge that I will find a class that is full of unique individuals. These students will have different cultures, types of families, socioeconomic status and learning needs just to name a few of the diversities. Although this is the type of classRead More1.6 Justification Of The Study. The Exclusion Of Pwds By1223 Words   |  5 Pagesto â€Å"special schools† which, though well intended to provide responsive learning environments, actually perpetuate segregation from other children. The inclusive education movement proposes that all schools should be equipped to accommodate PWDs. This study is therefore informed by the conviction that it is possible to design spaces that are inclusive and which will then limit the current segregation of children with disabilities. Past studies on the subject in Kenya have investigated learning institutionsRead MoreWhat Are Ontario Schools Doing? Other Canadian Schools? Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagesspaces for LGBT students were physical education change rooms and washrooms (Taylor et al. 2011). In fact, 43% of LGBT students thought their school washrooms were unsafe, 41% of students with LGBT parents thought the washrooms at their schools were unsafe and 28% of Non-LGBT students agreed (Taylor et al. 2011). The Ministry of Education in Ontario recognizes and encourages diversity of schools in the province through Ontario’s Equity and Inclusive Education Strategy. School boards across the provinceRead MoreThe Importance Of Inclusive Education729 Words   |  3 PagesEducation for all is a commitment to all nations globally to make sure that every adult and child receives basic good quality education and is based on the perspectives of human rights and also on held beliefs education is vital for national development and individual well-being. Nonetheless, various countries have not given sufficient attention to education for all marginalized groups particularly the children with disabilities or special needs. The disabled children have remained comparativelyRead MoreTheme 1: Legislation. The Irish Constitution Enshrines1521 Words   |  7 PagesTheme 1: Legislation The Irish Constitution enshrines a guarantee of equality before the law. Article 40.1 states that ‘all citizens shall, as human persons, be held equal before the law’. Under the Constitution, every child has a protected right to education regardless of their needs or ability. The right to education goes beyond academic achievement to the development of the child’s personality, talents and abilities to their fullest potential and providing them with the tools to live a full andRead MoreThe Development Of The Welfare State And Social Policies1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe development of the Welfare State and Social Policies have been based on assumptions about gender, race, ability/disability and age. Discuss this statement with reference to one of the highlighted issues and illustrate your discussion with at least one area of Social Policy Disability is an umbrella term used to cover impairments, activity limitation and participation restrictions. Disability is not just a health problem but a complex phenomenon (WHO 2015). Disability has been a neglected areaRead MoreHow Legislation and Policies Influence Education in Australia 1009 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents of different abilities and backgrounds. To ensure equity and fairness among students, policies and legislations have been put into place to ensure diversity is being catered for and that no student is being excluded from the education system. Some of these policies and legislation include: The Disability Discrimination Act 1992, The Salamanca Statement, Disability Standards 2005, Inclusive Education Statement, Disabilities Services Act QLD 2006 and the Melbourne Declaration. As educators

Comparing Advertisements by Garnier and Neutrogena Essay

We are surrounded by advertisements which be found on the television, radio, newspapers, magazines, street hoardings, taxis, buses and through the post. Everything we purchase or watch is advertised. This is a technique used to persuade people to buy their products. Companies use the power of persuasion to lure their target audience into buying the product being promoted. Advertisements are used to make the audience believe they need the product being marketed. Some advertisements are more successful than others and I intend to investigate why, using two examples which promote skin cleansers one by Garnier and the other by Neutrogena. The first advertisement I will anatomise is the Garnier. The†¦show more content†¦There is a good use of wordplay in the phrase look theres nothing to see it is asking you to look at the face of the girl to see if there are any flaws only when you do look you will find she has flawless skin and so could you. There is also a slight use of alliteration, deep down this emphasises how deep the facial wash cleanses. The use of the word cleanses instead of cleans is effective because it is thought cleans is more colloquial. The text at the bottom of the page is very cleverly set out as it makes the most important words for example Cleanse, Rinse, Discover which would let your imagination decide the meaning, if you did not want to read the meaning stated in the advertisement . At the bottom of the page is the full name Laboratoires Garnier with the words formulated and controlled byà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ as the slogan. With Laboratoires meaning laboratory it put the idea of science across which is never really questioned and so gives the audience the assurance of quality and results when using the product. In a sense the name also helps sell the product but in a different way because where as something from Este lauder would be sold because its brand name is well known, Laboratoires Garnier would be sold because it is a beneficialShow MoreRelatedFair Lovely - Analysis Based on Principles of Marketting7156 Words   |  29 Pagesproduct, it obviously enjoyed 100% market share till such time the competition e ntered. The product seemed to have lost the market share over the years and at a given point in time went down to nearly 50%. Subsequent players like Pamp;G, Nivea, Neutrogena, Garnier also entered the segment and that’s when a ‘Premium Skin Lightening’ segment came into being. With a split in the segment Famp;L started enjoying a bigger share in this segment (which is considered non premium). HUL annual report for yearRead MoreFair and Lovely10103 Words   |  41 PagesFairness leading to Beauty leading to Good husband to Fairness leading to Self-confidence leading to Good career. Category Equivalent Pricing Mass premium Men’s Fairness Creams Competitors Fairever, Fairglow, Emami, Nivea, Vicco, Himalaya Garnier, Revlon Fair and Handsome, Fair and Lovely Menz Active Exhibit II 6|Page III. Market Market Size Fair and Lovely has been a leader in market from 1975 till 1998. In 1999, it faced severe competition from CavinKare which launched FaireverRead MoreMarketing Communication Creative Brief and Imc Plan7930 Words   |  32 Pages7. Campaign Target Audience 11 7.1 Brand Loyalty 11 7.2 Creative Targets 12 7.3 Behavioural Sequence Model (BSM) 13 8. Choice of Media 14 8.1 Traditional Advertising 14 i. TV Commercials 14 ii. Magazines for Young Women (Print Advertisements) 14 iii. Commercials in Cinemas 15 iv. Road Shows 15 v. Billboards/ Decals on MRT Stations 15 vi. Skin Analysis Booth in Health amp; Beauty Stores (Watsons, Guardian Pharmacy amp; SASA) 16 8.2 Modern’ or Online Advertising 16 Read MoreMarketing Communication Creative Brief and Imc Plan7937 Words   |  32 PagesCosts 9 7. Campaign Target Audience 11 7.1 Brand Loyalty 11 7.2 Creative Targets 12 7.3 Behavioural Sequence Model (BSM) 13 8. Choice of Media 14 8.1 Traditional Advertising 14 i. TV Commercials 14 ii. Magazines for Young Women (Print Advertisements) 14 iii. Commercials in Cinemas 15 iv. Road Shows 15 v. Billboards/ Decals on MRT Stations 15 vi. Skin Analysis Booth in Health amp; Beauty Stores (Watsons, Guardian Pharmacy amp; SASA) 16 8.2 Modern’ or Online Advertising 16 viiRead MoreCompetitive Analysis of Face Wash and Fairness Products Company‘S Name: Ratan Ayurvedic Sansthan9850 Words   |  40 Pagesorganized retailing as a sector which is booming and growing towards tapping the men’s segment, the Indian Fairness cream market will grow further in coming years. In recent many International brands have also entered in this segment like: Olay, Neutrogena and also new packaging methods have been adopted. 1.3 SWOT Analysis of the Industry Strengths: * Low operational costs. * Presence of well established distribution networks both in rural and urban areas. * There are a number of well-known

Presidential Election Of 2016 Brought A Terrible Name To

presidential election of 2016 brought a terrible name to the Hispanic population. With the constant negativity revolving these families who have made their homes in the United States, the new policy of deportation has come up more than once throughout the election. However, this historical unrepresented group has made an impact, and without them, we would not have the same society, culture, or diversity. Examining their migration to the United States, their culture, their growth, and how the United States is viewing them today, we will be able to see their impact on the U.S. Migration Immigration has been vital to the growth of the United States. We are a melting pot of different ethnicities, and it is no different for the†¦show more content†¦This fear increased as The Great Depression approached (Hoffnung-Garskof, 2007). In the 1930’s, Michigan officials felt that it was their duty to solve the issue at hand. â€Å"Ethnic cleansing† was their solution, and as a result, unemployed Mexicans were deported. After the depression, America found a way to kick start the economy again. The sugar beet industry was once again flourishing. Minimum wage was established, and manufacturers smuggled in Mexican workers to help. In 1957, the migrant worker population increased to 106,000 people in Michigan (Hoffnung-Garskof, 2007). The Mexican people migrated to the U.S. in search of better lives. They were an active part in the building of the United States economy and our culture. Culture The Mexican community is a diverse one, and one that has a distinct culture. To begin, there are subgroups within the Mexican community, but the biggest subgroup is mestizo which is 60% of the population (Zimmerman, 2015). Also, there are many languages inside their communities. The main one is Spanish at 92.7%, but there are also indigenous languages such as Mayan or Nahuatl. There are some common words that come from the indigenous languages such as tomato, coyote, and chocolate (Zimmerman, 2015). Another huge part of their culture, is their religion. 82% of the Mexican people identify with Catholic. Other religions include Jehovah’s Witnesses, Methodists, Baptists, and Anglicans. There is diversity in their culture just like everyoneShow MoreRelatedAbraham Lincoln : The Great Emancipator1590 Words   |  7 Pageslaw, Lincoln became a lawyer, where he received the remembrance of his nickname, Honest Abe. He achieved a reputation of honesty for his candor in politics and la w services that ranged from individuals to companies or organizations. In the 1860 election, Abraham Lincoln became the sixteenth president of the United States, causing southern states to finally depart from the nation. â€Å"The fundamentals of Lincoln’s social and moral project remained constant over time: the building of an enterprisingRead MoreAmerica s Culture Of Fear1397 Words   |  6 Pagesas barbaric savages as a way to provide justification for the war. Propaganda ensures that people only get to know what their government wants them to know. In WWI, the lengths to which the government would go to in an effort to blacken the enemies name reached a new level. All forms of information were controlled, newspapers were expected to print what the government wanted the reader to read. Propaganda is as old as people, politics and religion. People will usually pull every string in their powerRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesupdated: April 26, 2016 Logical Reasoning Bradley H. Dowden Philosophy Department California State University Sacramento Sacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions:

The theme of a good man is hard to find Essay Example For Students

The theme of a good man is hard to find Essay The theme of a good man is hard to find Essay In A Good Man is Hard to Find there are many factors that can be the theme. The theme can be about a family as a whole that lacks love for the grandmother, or about a family that goes on a trip that wound up having an accident, which puts them at the wrong place at the wrong time. Both of these themes are obvious to any reader, but it does not quite seem to match this authors depth style way of writing. In a brief write up on Flannery OConnor, it says OConnor is a moralist, she focuses an uncompromising moral eye on the violence and spiritual disorder of the world. By knowing this about the author OConnor we can look deeper into this story and find morals of two characters as the theme. The two characters are the Grandmother and the Misfit. Even though they are both different as night and day, they both have morals and stands by their morals no matter what. Even though the Grandmother shows to be a victim of rudeness, hostile statements, and dangerous situations, she still stood by her morals regardless of the situations. In the first paragraph, the grandmother is a victim of her grandchildren and at the end, she is a victim of a murderer who ironically is much nicer to her than her own grandchildren! It is easily observed that the grandmothers morals involve making her environment as pleasant as her personality. At the beginning, you can see how the grandchildren are making hostile comments towards the grandmother about going on the trip with them. As she sits in the back seat with the hostile children instead of allowing them to ruin her mood, she decides to point out the interesting details of the scenery- stone mountains; the blue granite, the brilliant red clay banks slightly streaked with purple. (pg 199). At the end while a victim of a murderer the grandmother still tried to make some good out of the situation. Aint a cloud in the sky he remarked. Yes it is a beautiful day said the grandmother. Listen you shouldnt call yourself misfit because I know youre a good man at heart. I can just look at you and tell. The grandmother said (pg 205). As stated earlier the grandmother was dedicated to keeping her moral of making her environment as pleasant as her personality! Although the Misfit is a murderer, he also has morals. The Misfits morals can easily be described with two words bitter and sweet. The sweet part of his morals is on page 205. Good Afternoon, he said, I see you all had a little spillBaily turned and said something to the Grandmother The Misfit face reddened. Lady dont you get upset. Sometimes a man says things he dont mean, dont reckon he meant to talk to you that away. the misfit said. You wouldnt shoot a lady, would you? the grandmother said I would hate to have to he said. The bitterness part of the misfits morals is shown on the last page. The Misfit sprang back as if a snake had bitten him and shot her three times in the chest (208). In this particular quote the misfit was Although the misfit and the grandmother are very much different in their morals, they are the only two characters that has morals and sticks by them no matter the situation. One has morals of turning everything into positive and the others morals are being nice and calm as he could while doing his evil works. As a reader I personally believe that OConnor did a very good job showing that not only good positive people have morals in life, but so do those who are considered criminals. .

The Rise of Gladiatorial Combat Essay Example For Students

The Rise of Gladiatorial Combat Essay Gladiatorial contests (munera gladitoria), hold a central place in our perception of Roman behavior. They were also a big influence on how Romans themselves ordered their lives.Attending the games was one of the practices that went with being a Roman. The Etruscans who introduced this type of contest in the sixth century BC, are credited with its development but its the Romans who made it famous. A surviving feature of the Roman games was when a gladiator fell he was hauled out of the arena by a slave dressed as the Etruscan death-demon Charun. The slave would carry a hammer which was the demons attribute. Moreover, the Latin term for a trainer-manager of gladiators (lanista), was believed to be an Etruscan word. (4:50) Gladiators of Ancient Rome lived their lives to the absolute fullest. We will write a custom essay on The Rise of Gladiatorial Combat specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Gladiatorial duels had originated from funeral games given in order to satisfy the dead mans need for blood, and for centuries their principle occasions were funerals. The first gladiatorial combats therefore, took place at the graves of those being honored, but once they became public spectacles they moved into amphitheaters. (2:83) As for the gladiators themselves, an aura of religious sacrifice continued to hang about their combats. Obviously most spectators just enjoyed the massacre without any remorseful reflections. Even ancient writers felt no pity, they were aware that gladiators had originated from these holocausts in honor of the dead. What was offered to appease the dead was counted as a funeral rite. It is called munus (a service) from being a service due. The ancients thought that by this sort of spectacle they rendered a service to the dead, after they had made it a more cultured form of cruelty. The belief was that the souls of the dead are appeased with human blood, t hey use to sacrifice captives or slaves of poor quality at funerals. Afterwards it seemed good to obscure their impiety by making it a pleasure. (6:170) So after the acquired person had been trained to fight as best they can, their training was to learn to be killed! For such reasons gladiators were sometimes known as bustuarii or funeral men. Throughout many centuries of Roman history, these commemorations of the dead were still among the principle occasions for such combats. Men writing their wills often made provisions for gladiatorial duels in connection with their funerals. Early in the first century AD, the people of Pollentia forcibly prevented the burial of an official, until his heirs had been compelled to provide money for a gladiators show. (1:174)It was in Campania and Lucania that the gladiatorial games came to their full development and took on their classical form. In these new surroundings they took root and flourished, as can be seen in fourth century BC, tomb paint ings. These pictures show helmeted gladiators carrying shields and lances, covered with wounds and dripping with blood. (2:84) For Rome a decisive moment in gladiatorial history was reached in 246 BC, the year when the first Punic War began. At the funeral of Brutus Pera, his two sons for the first time exhibited, in the cattle market, three simultaneous gladiatorial combats. By 216 BC the number of fights given on a single occasion had risen to twenty two.(14:16)In 105 BC the two consuls of the year made gladiatorial games official. There were no doubts of religious tendency, but the purpose of Roman spectacles, were a public display of power, that power was primarily military, and also to compensate the soft Greek culture which now was abroad. (8:98) The GladiatorsThose compelled to fight gladiator duels included prisoners of war, slaves and condemned criminals. Among them were numerous followers of the new Christian faith. During this time persecution fell heavily on their faith, many won immortal fame as martyrs. Fighting in the arena was one of the sentences earned by the sacrilege accused against members of the Christian religion because of their refusal to sacrifice to the emperor. It was written that these Christians were forced, as gladiatorial novices to run the gauntlet. At other times they were thrown to the wild beasts. Criminals that were used had committed crimes that carried a death sentence or harsh manual labor. The crimes which led to the arena were murder, treason, robbery and arson. Criminals sentenced to forced labor were often obliged to serve as gladiators, and were sentenced to three years of combat and two years in the schools. Sometimes penalties were differentiated according to social class, thus for certain crimes which in the case of slaves would involve execution, free men or freedmen (ex-slaves) were condemned to fight in the arena instead. This did not of course make them gladiators, unless they were trained first, as those req uired to provide this sort of sport not always were. And indeed as gladiators became more expensive in the second century AD the use of untrained criminals in the amphitheater increased.(7:537) Most gladiators, at Rome and elsewhere were slaves, but in addition there were always some free men who became gladiators because they wanted to. The profession was an alternative to being a social outcast. They were generally derived from the lowest ranking category of free persons, namely the freedman who had themselves been slaves or were the son of slaves. Free fighters were more sought after than slaves, presumably because they shower greater enthusiasm in the arena. Such a volunteer was offered a bonus if he survived the term of his contract, yet he still had to swear the terrible oath of submission to be burnt with fire, shackled with chains, whipped with rods and killed with steel like the rest of the gladiators. For the period of his engagement, he had become no more than a slave. (7 :539)Majestic Exhibitions and SchoolsThere seemed no end to public entertainments of one sort or another at Rome. First there were the regular functions. The number of days in each year given up to annual games and spectacles of one sort or another in the city was startlingly large, and increased continually. Already 66 in the time of Augustus, it had risen to 135 under Marcus Aurelius, and 175 or more in the fourth century. Gladiatorial amusement had become an essential feature of the services a ruler had to provide, in order to maintain his popularity and his job. Emperors themselves had to attend the shows. Emperors watching the shows were distinct, vulnerable, and subject to public pressures which could not be displayed elsewhere. That was why the games were not popular with a few rulers such as Marcus Aurelius. He directed that if a gladiator was freed as a result of popular outcry in the amphitheater the liberation was to be annulled. Aurelius found the sport boring and indeed he was unenthusiastic about Roman entertainment in general. (10:87)The teaching of gladiators was highly elaborate affair involving expertise appreciated by those members of the public who attended the games for something more than blood and thrills. Gladiators were trained at gladiator schools established during the late Republic at the time of Sulla 138-78 BC. (2:86) Novices practiced with wooden swords on a man of straw or a wooden post. The weapons used in more adept practice were heavier than those used in the arena. Discipline was severe, with ruthless punishments. The barracks they lived in were so low inmates could only sit or lie.(3:68) Breaking any rules was not tolerated and resulted in strict reprimanding: shackles, flogging or even death. (2:86) The main objective of the schools were to produce the best possible fighters for the arena, thus scrupulous attention was invested in gladiator health. Their schools were situated in favorable climates, and equipped with first class doctors. The schools were also provided with resident medical consultants to check the mens diet. Gladiators were called hordearii, barley men, because of the amount of barley that they ate, a muscle building food. (12:111)The Types of Gladiators From Republican times onward, foreign prisoners were made to fight with their own weapons and in their own styles. Many of these men, were merely prisoners herded into the arena, but various classes of professional gladiators likewise came from this category. Such, for example was the origin of the gladiators known as the Samnites. Generally regarded as the prototypes of all Romes gladiators, they are said to have come into existence after its Samnite enemies introduced a splendid new type of military equipment in 310 BC. Gladiators were ranked in different categories according to their fighting style and the type of weapon they used. These Samnites wore the heavy, magnificent armor of soldiers. It included a large shield (scutum), a leather or partly metal greave (ocrea) on the left leg, and a visored helmet (galea) with huge crests and plumes. To these were added sword (gladius) or lance (hasta), and the sleeve on the right arm which was part of a gladiators general equipment.(11:121) Sectores were armed with a sword and mace loaded with lead. Thraces carried a curved scimitar of varying shape, and a small square or round shield. Myrmilliones (Guals) carried a shield and a short scythe and wore a distinctive fish ornament on their helmets. The Retiarii were exceptionally uncovered, except sometimes for a head band. They carried a trident in one hand and a net in the other. Because the throwing of a net as a method of combat, was second rate the Retarii were inferior in status to the ranks, and thus had the worst living quarters. (2:86) The Myrmillo could fight against the Thracian or against the Retiarius or net fighter. But the principle opponent of the Retiarius was the Secutor.(12:109)The Procedure of the A renaGladiatorial shows were intensively promoted and advertised to raise public attention. Descriptions of upcoming contests, appeared on walls and on the grave stones beside main roads. The opening ceremonies began the day before the fights. It was then that the supporter of the show donated a splendid feast to the contestants about to appear on the following day. The proceedings of the murderous day began with a chariot drive and parade. Led and presented by the sponsor of the games. The gladiators displayed themselves in uniforms topped by cloaks dyed purple with gold embroidery. Climbing down their chariots, they marched around the arena, followed by slaves carrying their arms and armor. Gladiators, especially those who belonged to the emperors own troop, were often finely equipped. When the combatants arrived opposite the emperors platform, they extended their right hands towards him and cried Hail, emperor, greetings from men about to die! (Ave, imperator, morituri te salutant !) (7:538)The games often opened with a convicted criminal being thrown to a lion. The criminal was given a small sword, and if he could kill the lion his life was spared. Another way in which they opened the games was to tie the criminal to a pillar and lower him into a pit of hungry beasts. After these morbid killings took place, the animal events would take center stage. The most common of these fights would be a lion against bear. To make the beast ready for fighting they would starved the animals and poked them with sticks while in the cage.(5:17) These events were followed by a break, during this break Gladiatores Meridiane took place. This event consisted of a fully armed gladiator against an unarmed man. The object was simple, to kill your opponent, the winner went on to fight the next combatant. The overall winner was the person that was standing in the end.(2:88) The afternoon brought about the beginning of the gladiatorial events. Staged with a dramatic sense of climax, t he afternoon started with second rate displays that were bloodless. These mock fighters were called paegniarii.(1:176) After these mock battles came the real fights, the tamest of these would be the hand to hand combats with one opponent. However, most of the contests were worst, ranging from armed fighters against unarmed, two criminals versus a gladiator, and even a group of gladiators versus another group. .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 , .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .postImageUrl , .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 , .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165:hover , .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165:visited , .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165:active { border:0!important; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165:active , .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Glass Ceiling EssayWhile the fighters were at grips, their trainers (lanista) stood beside them and hounded them on much like a modern boxers trainer would. Meanwhile the crowd shouted commands of their own including beat, kill and burn. When a man fell, the herald raised their trumpets, and spectators yelled Got him! Hes had it! (habet, hoc habet). The fallen fighter if he was in a state to move, laid down his shield, and raised one finger of his left hand for mercy. The decision whether his life should be spared, rested with the provider of the games, but he generally let the crowd make the decision. Thumbs up, and a waving of handkerchiefs, meant his life would be spare d, thumbs down and he would be killed without hesitation. While African boys raked over the bloodstained sand, fallen gladiators were taken away. A Charon would verify the gladiators death and finish him off it was necessary. The costumes of the Charon were designed to look like Mercury, divine guide of dead mens souls to the infernal regions.(10:167)If a fighters performance had not given satisfaction, or if he was a criminal whose survival was not desired, his life was sometimes risked again on the same day by orders for a repeat performance, against specially introduced understudies. When neither party won and both were spared, each was described as stans missus, and such a result was often recorded on inscriptions. The victorious gladiators were presented with palm branches as a prize, and in Greek lands of the Empire they were given a wreath or crown in addition or instead. Both palms and crowns are often shown on funeral monuments. The giver of the games also provided prize mo ney, according to scales stipulated in the gladiators contracts. (10:169)The Arenas In early times gladiators duels took place in whatever public places a town might posses. But then , under the emperors, the characteristic place for such a contest was the amphitheater. This was an oval auditorium surrounded by rows of seats facing on to the arena, as in modern bull rings, absorbing the blood of slaughtered men and beasts. The first permanent amphitheater known to us is not in Rome but in Campania, the country which inherited the gladiatorial games from Eturia and passed them on to the Romans. (13:225) The largest and most famous of all such buildings was initiated by the Flavian dynasty. Opened by Titus in AD 80, this Colosseum is one of the most marvelous buildings in the world. Its massive overall measurements are 187 by 155 meters, of which the space for the arena itself comprises 86 by 54 meters. There was accommodation for perhaps 45,000 sitting spectators and at least 5,000 m ore willing to stand. Underneath the arena is a labyrinth of passages for stage effects, pens for wild beasts, storage rooms and the mechanism by which scenery and other apparatus were hoisted into the arena. The emperors platform was at the center of one of the long sides, facing across to the portion of the auditorium reserved for magistrates and the holder of the games. There were also places for priests, who also attended these bloodthirsty sports. (13:227) The formula of the collosseum helped to mold renaissance styles. In the eight century they said that:As long as it stands,Rome will stand;when it falls, Rome will fall;when Rome falls, the world will fallThe colosseum has often been raided, but has never fallen. It has been made to serve many purposes, many of which are ironic. These have included sacred occasions, church services, and plays. Thus through all the depredation the colosseum has faced over the years inside and outside of the arena, this indestructible building s till towers over the city today. (13:230)The Gladiator in SocietyThe reputation of gladiators in the eyes of the public was curiously mixed. For one thing they were feared. Society was never able to forget for very long that the gladiators were a potential danger to society. So, of course were the masses of slaves in general, and that is why their crimes were so savagely punished, if one slaved murdered his master, the whole household had to die. But by training the gladiators they spared the rest of the slaves family, and forced him to fight for his life in front of the community he violated. Moreover their legal and moral position in the community was one of complete shame. When a gladiator was killed, his corpse was not permitted honorable to be buried, unless it was claimed by his family or a friend. (9:91)However there is ample proof of the admiration and indeed excitement that the gladiators aroused. Gladiators became so ingrained in the Roman mind and soul that they believed in superstitions that resulted from munera. It was believed that the warm blood of a slaughtered gladiator would cure epilepsy. When newly married women, parted their hair with a gladiators spear, it brought good luck if this had belonged to a man mortally wounded in the arena. (8:276) Gladiators were also seen highly upon by women, graffiti at the Pompeii amphitheater reveal that members of the profession were loved with the passionate infatuation which teenage females have for pop singers today.Although gladiators lived relatively short lives it was possible to win liberation and retire on receipt of the symbolical wooden sword (rudis). It was also noted that some ex-gladiators moved upwards into respectable smart circles of local bourgeoisies (9:96)Opposition and Abolition It was probably assumed that the munera would go on forever, and that nothing would stop their growth. With the rise of Christianity a religious presence lingered about such contests once again. The Roman rulin g classes began to view these contest with a favorable eye. The excuse of encouragement to warlike toughness continued to be put forward until the eve of the Middle Ages, although it started to become lame and inhumane. Another purpose present in the minds of Romes rulers was the desire that potentially unruly and dangerous city population should be amused and kept quiet. They should be given entertainment that they wanted, no matter how disgusting if might be. .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 , .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .postImageUrl , .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 , .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49:hover , .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49:visited , .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49:active { border:0!important; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49:active , .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Business ethics EssayThe games gradually lost its original intentions and connections to the earlier funeral games. Once defenseless human beings are thrown to wild animals, the original purpose is lost, the purpose now is blood-thirsty spectators viewing inhumane, unjust executions. (2:87) The new religion however ended them for good. With the rise of emperor Constantine and Christianity came the fall of the gladiatorial spectacles. In AD 326, Constantine abolished gladiators games altogether. He also stated that all criminals who would have in the past have been enrolled for thegames must in the future be condemned to forced labor in the mines instead. By the end of the fourth century, gladiatorial shows had disappeared from the Eastern Empire. (2:87)Bibliography1. Cowell, F. Everyday Life in Ancient Rome. London: B.T Batsford Ltd., 1961. 2. Dining, M. A History of Physical Education: Ancient Rome. Toronto: Captus Press, 1987. 3. Grant, M. The World of Rome. London: Trinity Press, 1960. 4. Hopkins, K Murderous Games. History Today v33 16-22 1983. 5. Harris, H. Sport in Greece and Rome. New York: Cornell University Press, 1972. 6. Hopkins, K. Death and Renewal. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1983. 7. Jory, E Gladiators in the Theatre. Classical Quarterly v36 537-9 1986. 8. Koestler, A. The Gladiators. New York: Macmillan, 1947. 9. Scullard, H. Festival and Ceremonies of the Roman Empire. New York: Cornell University Press. 198110. Whyte-Mellville, G. A Tale of Rome and Judea The Gladiators. New York: Longmans Green, 1989. 11. Mattingly, H. Roman Imperial Civilization. London: Edward Arnold publication. 195912. Weirdmann, T. Emperors and Gladiators. London: Routledge Press, 199213. Yonah, M Illustrated Enclylopedia of the Classical World. New York: Harper and Roe Pub, 1975. 14. Wilkonson, L. The Roman Experience, Anchor Press, 1975. 15. Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia, Softkey Multimedia, 1996.

Dysfunction and Childhood Sexual Abuse essays

Dysfunction and Childhood Sexual Abuse essays Child sexual abuse is defined as the abuse of trust, power and authority that occurs through exposure of a child to sexual behavior and acts (Scott et al, 2011). Understanding the effects of sexual child abuse is critical for psychologist since knowledge of the collective symptoms depicted by adults who were child sexual abuse victims is useful in undertaking appropriate interventions and diagnosis among adult exhibiting pathological problems and symptoms and especially for those adults with histories of abuse. This paper provides an overview of the relationship between child abuse and various adult psychopathology manifestations and specifically touches on various topics including the psychosexual effects of sexual abuse, sexual abuse based on gender, development and social model, suicide, and so on. Extensive research over the years has indicated that child sexual abuse has adverse effects on the variables pertaining to adult psychological outcome and especially on psychological de velopment and emotion well being of the victims as adults. Researchers have also sought to identify various risks that predispose children from given populations to sexual abuse and the way that these factors play a role in influencing the psychological outcomes of the victims as adults, the effects of moderators on the effects of sexual abuse, effects on psychosexual functioning, behavioral, emotional among other aspects. One major area of adult functioning that is affected by child sexual abuse is psychosexual functioning. Sexual maladjustment behaviors in childhood, adolescence and adulthood, which include an increased preoccupation with sex and sexual risk taking behavior, and compulsive sexual behavior, are for instance widely noted among victims of child sexual abuse (Scott et al, 2011). Other researches have identified that there is a significant correlation between child sexual abuse and psychiatric disorders especially in relation to the sexual ...

Teaching lesson plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Teaching lesson plan - Coursework Example which include making student read facts about their animals and restate nocturnal/diurnal classification of animals, are fully aligned with the objectives. In addition, making the students point out the many animals that are diurnal and nocturnal makes it clear for them on what they must learn in the lesson. Evidence in demonstrating mastery of the lesson includes being able to identify and classify animals on whether they are nocturnal or diurnal, as well as having a comprehension check. c) Learning experiences planned in this lesson, which includes making the student describe their habitat and asking how they would adapt to it, relating it to the adaptation technique of animals, and relating it to their native language all express relevance to the objectives. d) Instruction in this particular lesson plan is not differentiated. However, there are benefits that ELL or special needs student will get from this lesson, including relating their own experiences and understanding to how animals adapt to their environments. The activities that support learning modalities include relating the lesson to personal experiences, the extensive use of visual guides, and relating it to the native languages of the students. e) There are frequent ways to check the student’s understanding in this lesson, and strategies used includes identifying prior knowledge of the students to the lesson, making them recite the differences between nocturnal and diurnal animals, and making them classify animals on their own. a) The lesson objectives, which include presenting the alternative French version of the Cinderella story, determining story elements, discussing story themes and making students respond fully align with academic standards. These objectives helps students analyze the story according to their parts, and trace cultural differences within the variant Cinderella story. b) The assessments, which include making the students read the variant story, summarize it, and composing a

Working with children and families case study Essay

Working with children and families case study - Essay Example The different aspects of intervention in the families are historical, social, psychological and legal in nature. These aspects are incorporated in the guidelines that are being followed by the social workers to resolve the case specific problems of the clients (Hepworth et. al., 2009; The historical aspect is one of the facets in the implementation of family intervention. This aspect is important to be able to determine the possible causes of the situation wherein intervention is required as well as the background information for assessing the needs of the person. Included in the historical aspect are the family members in the household and the relationship to the person in need of assistance. Another factor included in the said aspect is the experiences of the parents and the events that had happened in the family that may have triggered the problematic situation. The interactions and interrelationship between family members that may have directly or indirectly affect the perspective and disposition of the person in focus. In addition, the strengths and the weaknesses of the parents that can trigger the changes in behaviour and way of thinking of the person are also included in the fundamental historical components of the family intervention (Horwath, 2000, p.56 , 80-82). For the child Debbie, the members of her immediate family are in the household, her parents and her siblings. Historical aspect of the intervention includes the relationship between the family members and their effect on the child. Her mother Irene is agoraphobic and her brother is severely disabled. Other issues make matters worse such as the situation of the father John who is not employed. The conflicts within the household are having effects on Debbie and Hannah who are exhibiting violent behaviours and problems in learning. The social aspect of the intervention in the family is another area of importance. This can be

Australian nation Speech Essay Example for Free

Australian nation Speech Essay Ladies and gentlemen I am very pleased to be here today at the launch of Australias celebration of the 1993 International Year of the Worlds Indigenous People. It will be a year of great significance for Australia. It comes at a time when we have committed ourselves to succeeding in the test which so far we have always failed. Because, in truth, we cannot confidently say that we have succeeded as we would like to have succeeded if we have not managed to extend opportunity and care, dignity and hope to the indigenous people of Australia the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island people. This is a fundamental test of our social goals and our national will: our ability to say to ourselves and the rest of the world that Australia is a first rate social democracy, that we are what we should be truly the land of the fair go and the better chance. There is no more basic test of how seriously we mean these things. It is a test of our self-knowledge. Of how well we know the land we live in. How well we know our history. How well we recognise the fact that, complex as our contemporary identity is, it cannot be separated from Aboriginal Australia. How well we know what Aboriginal Australians know about Australia. Redfern is a good place to contemplate these things. Just a mile or two from the place where the first European settlers landed, in too many ways it tells us that their failure to bring much more than devastation and demoralisation to Aboriginal Australia continues to be our failure. More I think than most Australians recognise, the plight of Aboriginal Australians affects us all. In Redfern it might be tempting to think that the reality Aboriginal Australians face is somehow contained here, and that the rest of us are  insulated from it. But of course, while all the dilemmas may exist here, they are far from contained. We know the same dilemmas and more are faced all over Australia. That is perhaps the point of this Year of the Worlds Indigenous People: to bring the dispossessed out of the shadows, to recognise that they are part of us, and that we cannot give indigenous Australians up without giving up many of our own most deeply held values, much of our own identity and our own humanity. Nowhere in the world, I would venture, is the message more stark than it is in Australia. We simply cannot sweep injustice aside. Even if our own conscience allowed us to, I am sure, that in due course, the world and the people of our region would not. There should be no mistake about this our success in resolving these issues will have a significant bearing on our standing in the world. However intractable the problems seem, we cannot resign ourselves to failure any more than we can hide behind the contemporary version of Social Darwinism which says that to reach back for the poor and dispossessed is to risk being dragged down. That seems to me not only morally indefensible, but bad history. We non-Aboriginal Australians should perhaps remind ourselves that Australia once reached out for us. Didnt Australia provide opportunity and care for the dispossessed Irish? The poor of Britain? The refugees from war and famine and persecution in the countries of Europe and Asia? Isnt it reasonable to say that if we can build a prosperous and remarkably harmonious multicultural society in Australia, surely we can find just solutions to the problems which beset the first Australians the people to whom the most injustice has been done. And, as I say, the starting point might be to recognise that the problem starts with us non-Aboriginal Australians. It begins, I think, with that act of recognition. Recognition that it was we who did the dispossessing. We took the traditional lands and smashed the traditional way of life. We brought the diseases. The alcohol. We committed the murders. We took the children from their mothers. We practised discrimination and exclusion. It was our ignorance and our prejudice. And our failure to imagine these things being done to us. With some noble exceptions, we failed to make the most basic human response and enter into their hearts and minds. We failed to ask how would I feel if this were done to me? As a consequence, we failed to see that what we were doing degraded all of us. If we needed a reminder of this, we received it this year. The Report of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody showed with devastating clarity that the past lives on in inequality, racism and injustice. In the prejudice and ignorance of non-Aboriginal Australians, and in the demoralisation and desperation, the fractured identity, of so many Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders. For all this, I do not believe that the Report should fill us with guilt. Down the years, there has been no shortage of guilt, but it has not produced the responses we need. Guilt is not a very constructive emotion. I think what we need to do is open our hearts a bit. All of us. Perhaps when we recognise what we have in common we will see the things which must be done the practical things. There is something of this in the creation of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation. The Councils mission is to forge a new partnership built on justice and equity and an appreciation of the heritage of Australias indigenous people. In the abstract those terms are meaningless. We have to give meaning to justice and equity and, as I have said several times this year, we will only give them meaning when we commit ourselves to achieving concrete results. If we improve the living conditions in one town, they will improve in another. And another. If we raise the standard of health by twenty per cent one year, it will be raised more the next. If we open one door others will follow. When we see improvement, when we see more dignity, more confidence, more happiness we will know we are going to win. We need these practical building blocks of change. The Mabo Judgement should be seen as one of these. By doing away with the bizarre conceit that this continent had no owners prior to the settlement of Europeans, Mabo establishes a fundamental truth and lays the basis for justice. It will be much easier to work from that basis than has ever been the case in the past. For that reason alone we should ignore the isolated outbreaks of hysteria and hostility of the past few months. Mabo is an historic decision we can make it an historic turning point, the basis of a new relationship between indigenous and non-Aboriginal Australians. The message should be that there is nothing to fear or to lose in the recognition of historical truth, or the extension of social justice, or the deepening of Australian social democracy to include indigenous Australians. There is everything to gain. Even the unhappy past speaks for this. Where Aboriginal Australians have been included in the life of Australia they have made remarkable contributions. Economic contributions, particularly in the pastoral and agricultural industry. They are there in the frontier and exploration history of Australia. They are there in the wars. In sport to an extraordinary degree. In literature and art and music. In all these things they have shaped our knowledge of this continent and of  ourselves. They have shaped our identity. They are there in the Australian legend. We should never forget they have helped build this nation. And if we have a sense of justice, as well as common sense, we will forge a new partnership. As I said, it might help us if we non-Aboriginal Australians imagined ourselves dispossessed of land we had lived on for fifty thousand years and then imagined ourselves told that it had never been ours. Imagine if ours was the oldest culture in the world and we were told that it was worthless. Imagine if we had resisted this settlement, suffered and died in the defence of our land, and then were told in history books that we had given up without a fight. Imagine if non-Aboriginal Australians had served their country in peace and war and were then ignored in history books. Imagine if our feats on sporting fields had inspired admiration and patriotism and yet did nothing to diminish prejudice. Imagine if our spiritual life was denied and ridiculed. Imagine if we had suffered the injustice and then were blamed for it. It seems to me that if we can imagine the injustice we can imagine its opposite. And we can have justice. I say that for two reasons: I say it because I believe that the great things about Australian social democracy reflect a fundamental belief in justice. And I say it because in so many other areas we have proved our capacity over the years to go on extending the realms of participation, opportunity and care. Just as Australians living in the relatively narrow and insular Australia of the 1960s imagined a culturally diverse, worldly and open Australia, and in a generation turned the idea into reality, so we can turn the goals of reconciliation into reality. There are very good signs that the process has begun. The creation of the Reconciliation Council is evidence itself. The establishment of the ATSIC the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission is also evidence. The Council is the product of imagination and good will. ATSIC emerges from the vision of indigenous self-determination and selfmanagement. The vision has already become the reality of almost 800 elected Aboriginal Regional Councillors and Commissioners determining priorities and developing their own programs. All over Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities are taking charge of their own lives. And assistance with the problems which chronically beset them is at last being made available in ways developed by the communities themselves. If these things offer hope, so does the fact that this generation of Australians is better informed about Aboriginal culture and achievement, and about the injustice that has been done, than any generation before. We are beginning to more generally appreciate the depth and the diversity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures. From their music and art and dance we are beginning to recognise how much richer our national life and identity will be for the participation of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders. We are beginning to learn what the indigenous people have known for many thousands of years how to live with our physical environment. Ever so gradually we are learning how to see Australia through Aboriginal eyes, beginning to recognise the wisdom contained in their epic story. I think we are beginning to see how much we owe the indigenous Australians and how much we have lost by living so apart. I said we non-indigenous Australians should try to imagine the Aboriginal view. It cant be too hard. Someone imagined this event today, and it is now a marvellous reality and a great reason for hope. There is one thing today we cannot imagine. We cannot imagine that the descendants of people whose genius and resilience maintained a culture here through fifty thousand years or more, through  cataclysmic changes to the climate and environment, and who then survived two centuries of disposession and abuse, will be denied their place in the modern Australian nation. We cannot imagine that. We cannot imagine that we will fail. And with the spirit that is here today I am confident that we wont. I am confident that we will succeed in this decade. Thank you

Jim McMahon :: essays research papers

The book that I read was "McMahon" by Jim McMahon. This biography was mostly about Jim McMahon's 1985 football season. McMahon was the quarterback for the Chicago Bears. He started eleven times out of the thirteen games he played in. McMahon emerged as one of the NFL's top quarterbacks while earning his first Pro Bowl appearance. He averaged 64% completion the first five weeks before injury had began at San Francisco on October 17, 1985. He threw a career high 15 touchdown passes. He threw 9 of them in the first four games. McMahon led the team with a 5.4 yard rushing average. He missed three games between November 10 through November 24 with shoulder tendonitis. He didn't start against the Vikings on September 19 due to a stiff neck. He entered the Vikings game in the third quarter and put on one of the best shows of the NFL '85 season, throwing touchdown passes on the first two plays and three in just no and a half quarters to turn a 17-9 deficit into a 33-24 win. M cMahon was named NFC offensive player-of-the-week in the season opener after 23 of 34 for 274 yards, two touchdown effort in 38-28 win over the bucs. He passed for season-high 292 yards at Tampa on October 6. McMahon completed 13 of 19 passes for 160 yards and 3 touchdowns; caught a touchdown pass from Payton and rushed for 36 yards against the Redskins on September 29. He threw 3 touchdown passes in playoffs and scored the first touchdown against the Rams on a 16 yard run. He didn't throw any interceptions in 3 post-season games in 66 attempts. Jim McMahon's Super Bowl performance included 12 of 20 for 256 yards. Jim McMahon had plenty of obstacles that he had to overcome in his 1985 season. One obstacle he had to overcome was his shoulder tendonitis. When he was out for three games. Another obstacle that he had to overcome right before the Super Bowl was a really bad sore on his butt. Pain killers and medicine wouldn't work. So he found a guy that used needles to relieve the pain. He was using that method and it was working, the sore was going away. The team had to leave to go get ready for the Super Bowl so they had to fly him to that town. The head guy said that the person couldn't go on the team plane because he wasn't one of the team trainers.

Report on Pizza Hut Essay

During the past four decades Pizza Hut has built a reputation for excellence that has earned the respect of consumers and industry experts alike. Building a leading pizza company has required relentless innovation, commitment to quality and dedication to customer service and value. The qualities of entrepreneurship, growth and leadership have characterized Pizza Hut’s business through more than four decades of success. Through the strength of its heritage, its culture and its people and franchisees, Pizza Hut looks forward to more success in future. There are different objectives of every organization. In order to achieve these objectives different targets are set. Targets pass down the hierarchy depending on the nature of the business. Therefore, in order to achieve the objectives, management decides on different strategies. These strategies are divided into many sub-parts and are useful for the running of the business. The employees and the management know what they have to achieve through the targets which have been set to them and the strategies they have adopted help them know the way they will achieve the objectives. Similarly, Pizza Hut has different targets set to them and they have adopted different strategies to successfully achieve the targets set. These targets are set by the RSC i. e. the restaurant support centre in Karachi. These targets are passed on to the RGM (restaurant general manager) and he passes them to the workforce. These targets fall within the organizational structure in which there are many people who have different targets to achieve. In order to successfully achieve the targets they need to co-operate and work in a friendly environment. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 4 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut HISTORY OF PIZZA About Pizza, Some will tell you Italy. That’s wrong. What you know as pizza came into vogue around the time of Napoleon and the French revolution. Italians, known to be lovers of fine food and wines perfected and imported this terrific dish to America. From here it quickly endeared itself to mass production and re-export to the rest of the world. Bon appetite! INTRODUCTION & HISTORY OF PIZZA HUT In 1958, Frank and Dan Carney had an idea for a great local pizza restaurant in Wichita Kansas. The small 25 seat restaurant only had room for 9 letters on the sign†¦ the building looked like a hut†¦ so ‘Pizza Hut’ was born! Fifteen years later, we opened the first UK restaurant and since then we’ve become the biggest Pizza Company on the planet, Let see listen Pizza Hut Story from them! †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 1958 Frank and Dan Carney open the first Pizza Hut in Wichita, Kansas. 1972 1000 restaurants are open throughout the USA. 1973 Pizza Hut went international with restaurants in Japan, Canada & England. The first UK Pizza Hut opened in Islington, London. 1977 PepsiCo bought Pizza Hut. 1980 Pan Pizza was introduced. 1982 The UK joint venture started between PepsiCo and Whitbread. 1984 Over 50 restaurants so far in the UK. 1986 By now, there were 100 restaurants in the UK and 5000 worldwide. 1987 An average of one restaurant opened each week in the UK. 1988 The UK’s First Delivery Unit was opened in Kingsbury, London. 1992 There were 9,000 restaurants in 84 countries. 1993 There were 300 restaurants and delivery stores in the UK. 1994 10,000 Pizza Huts were open for business. 1997 PepsiCo decided to focus on their drinks business. As a result, Tricon Global Restaurants was born, creating the largest restaurant brand in the World. Tricon became the partner company with Whitbread. 1999 Pizza Hut had over 400 restaurants, employing 14000 people. 2002 Tricon Global became YUM! Brands Inc. 2006 Whitbread sold their share of the joint venture to Yum! Brands Inc. Pizza Hut UK Ltd was now 100% owned by Yum! 2008 We bought Godfather’s Pizza in Ireland with 28 stores. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 5 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Pizza Hut’s Mission Statement. We take pride in making a perfect pizza and providing courteous and helpful service on time all the time. Every customer says, â€Å"I’ll be back! † We are the employer of choice offering team members opportunities For Growth, Advancement, And Rewarding Careers in a Fun, Safe Working Environment. †¢ P. E. A. R. L. S ? PASSION for excellence in Doing everything ? EXECUTE with positive energy and urgency. ? ACCOUNTABLE for growth in customer satisfaction and profitability. ? RECOGNIZE the achievement of others and have fun doing it. ? LISTEN and more importantly, respond to the voice of the customer. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 6 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut COMPARATIVE STRATEGY: This forced competitors to look for new methods of increasing their customer bases. Many pizza chains decided to diversify and offer new nonpizza items such as Buffalo wings, and Italian cheese bread. The current trend in pizza chains today is the same. They all try to come up with some newer, bigger, better, pizza for a low price. Offering special promotions and new pizza variations are popular today as well. For example, chicken is now a common topping found on pizzas. In the past, Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be first. One of their main strategies that they still follow today is the diversification of the products they offer. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to their menu, trying to reach new markets. For example, in 1992 the famous buffet was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didn’t necessarily want pizza. Another strategy they used in the past and are still using is the diversification of their pizzas. Pizza Hut is always trying to come up with some innovative way to make a pizza into something slightly different different enough that customers will think it’s a whole new product. For example, let’s look at some of the pizzas Pizza Hut has marketed in the past. In 1983, Pizza Hut introduced their Pan Pizza, which had a guarantee of being ready to eat in 5 minutes when dining at Pizza Hut restaurants. In 1993, they introduced the â€Å"Bigfoot,† which was two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices. In 1995, they introduced â€Å"Stuffed Crust Pizza,† where the crust would be filled with cheese. In 1997, they marketed â€Å"The Edge,† which had cheese and toppings all the way to the edge of the pizza. Currently, they are marketing â€Å"The Big New Yorker,† trying to bring the famous New York style pizza to the whole country. Lastly, Pizza Hut has always valued customer service and satisfaction. In 1995, Pizza Hut began two customer satisfaction programs: a UAN (in USA 1-800) number customer hotline and a customer call-back program. These were implemented to make sure their customers were happy, and always wanted to return. In our plan, we will first give a situation analysis of current and relevant environmental conditions that affect our plan. Next, we will give a brief analysis of the current fast food industry, and any trends or changes that might occur in the future. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 7 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 8 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut ENVIRONMENTAL AND INTERNAL ANALYSIS OF PIZZA HUT In our visit to Pizza Hut we conducted research on PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) Analysis. In the internal analysis of Pizza Hut we have considered SWOT of the Company. PEST (Political, Economic, Social & Technological) i. POLITICAL ISSUES: Political issues include regulatory frame work operating in judicial system which may affect the business in different ways. There are not many political factors in Peshawar affecting Pizza Hut as is lack of competition. Factors such as laws on business employment, pollution and taxation apply on the organization which it has to follow regarding the rules. ii. ECNOMIC FACTORS: If the county’s economy is better so the GDP of the country will be good, this is a green signal for the business as the per capita income of the people will be increased and they will spend more money. In our survey we came to know that most of the people in the beginning of the months spend more and they visit pizza hut very often. When the inflation rate increases the cost of raw material also increases and this leads towards high prices of the products and vice versa. iii. SOCIAL FACTORS: Pizza hut is a multinational and it is basically originated from America so the organization is overwhelmed by western culture. There are social forms of society which consist of Upper class, middle class, middle upper class, lower class and lower class. Every country has cultural norms, values, beliefs and religion which can affect the organization. iv. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS: Now a day’s technology is improving so as baking and heating ovens will be of new and efficient technology and will provide efficient service. Due to new technology there are new ways of marketing like internet; telemarketing and the organization can advertise their products with much more faster pace. Computer based customer data that is MIS (managing information system) helps in collecting customer data, daily transactions, future forecasting and decision making. New vehicles will make their service more efficient. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 9 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut SWOT ANALYSIS: Every organization has its strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats. So, the SWOT analysis for pizza hut is as under: Strengths: Pizza Hut is the market leader in providing different products of pizzas as there are no competitors in this sector. There good image makes the organization more strong. Pizza Hut is providing good taste, quality products with qualified staff, good atmosphere and hygienic environment. They are specialized in pizzas. Motivation level of staff is very high which make the organization more prosperous. They are ISO (International Standard Organization) certified. They have enough resources for operating different activities of the organization. They are providing free home delivery service. They have created monopoly in this sector. Another big Strength and even a Competitive Advantageis the fact that they have a full service restaurant as well as delivery services. Most of Pizza Hut’s competitors do not have restaurants. Because of the restaurant, Pizza Hut can market too many different segments that other pizza chains cannot. For example, Pizza Hut can market to families much easier than Domino’s or Little Caesar’s. Weaknesses: However, the fact that Pizza Hut does have a restaurant to run is also a weakness. Pizza Hut has higher overhead costs, due to the restaurant that other competitors don’t have to deal with. Another result of higher overhead costs is higher prices Pizza Hut must charge. Obviously, Pizza Hut is not the low cost producer. They rely on their quality pizza and good service to account for their higher prices. They are providing less range of products comparatively with high prices. They are more focused on Western taste instead of Eastern. Opportunities: New markets can be explored and new opportunities they can gain. Pizza Hut can come up with the new products considering the Eastern taste of the people as like McDonalds. Diversification of new products can increase their market share. They can reduce their prices because of more resources. Threats: Pizza Hut’s number one threats are from their competitors. Currently, Their closest competitor is Domino’s Pizza who is working to open their Branch at Karachi. Domino’s main competitive advantage over Pizza Hut is their Lower price. ii. Little Caesar’s who is establishing their self in India and might move to i. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 10 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Pakistan is another one of Pizza Hut’s competitors, right behind Domino’s in market share. Little Caesar’s is famous for offering large quantities of pizza for less money. iii. New entrance like Dominos pizza in Pakistan market can affect their market share. iv. Other local restaurants can affect their market share by providing pizzas with lower price. v. Social factors can affect their image as a Western organization. SEGMENTATION: Main segments which Pizza hut has captured are the combination of higher incomes and dual career families , due to higher income consumer have more disposable income , allowing them to eat out more often. Pizza Hut holds the most market share in the Pizza industry, the perceived quality and service of the company will help to ensure a better the average chance at a successful introduction of a new product. The introduction of a product that keeps with today trends is also important to reduce the risk of failure. Pizza Hut maximum market segment is younger generations. These generation ranges from 12 to 30, the overall spending of these generations is mostly on non essential items, the higher amount of spending has been done on eating out. POSITIONING Pizza Hut was among the first multinational brands to enter the food retail sector in Pakistan. When the first Pizza Hut restaurant opened in Karachi the quick service industry was at a nascent stage and the pizza category was dominated by a sole regional player who had a marginal presence. Pizza Hut went on to play a significant role in pioneering and developing this category in Pakistan. Worldwide and in Pakistan, Pizza Hut has come to become synonymous with the ‘best pizzas under one roof’. This is because at Pizza Hut the belief is that every pizza has its own magic, thus making it a destination product – which everyone seeks. It is this belief that has ignited the passion to create, innovate and serve the finest product the industry has to offer, while setting standards for others to strive to replicate. Pizza Hut is committed to providing uncompromising product quality, offering customers the highest value for money and giving service that is warm, friendly and personal. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 11 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut. A critical factor in Pizza Hut’s success has been its unique dining experience. Crew members at Pizza Hut strive each day to provide ‘CUSTOMER MANIA’ – the kind of service that ensures that every visit of the customer is a memorable one. Pizza Hut’s constant endeavor to provide extra value – whether it is pizzas which are available to suit every price range, new promotions or the introduction of innovative product ranges – that puts a ‘Yum’ on every customer’s face – has allowed it to increase its presence in Pakistan to the current 38 restaurants across 9 cities. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 12 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Market Targeting: Pizza hut targeted market defines them as a family product. This is because they don’t really directly market their customers. They are target everyone whereas their competitors target a certain gender or age. But pizza hut targets a wide range of customers. This is because they want to make the most money and who blames them. They have many competitors and they are bound to try everything to cope up tops. Their competitors are everywhere. There are just a few that are main competitors and pizza hut will always try to be the best and get the most money by making their products better quality but also cheaper. They try to offer something different with their product as well. They offer a range of stuffed crusts to try and attract customers. They also do vegetarian options with meet free pizzas and a salad and pasta bar. Not a lot of restaurants offer a salad and a pasta bar. This is another competitive idea to attract or customers. STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY PIZZA HUT: A business’s strategy is the pattern of decisions and actions that are taken by the business to achieve its goals. A business has a variety of goals and objectives. All businesses need to organize their business activities in order to achieve their business objectives. Running a business involves planning the current as well as future activities. Hence, in order to achieve the business objectives, all business organizations adopt different strategies. Similarly, Pizza Hut has adopted many strategies which help achieve the targets set by the main office to the local store opened at Peshawar. Changes are the external as well as internal environment has led Pizza Hut rethink their past strategies and has therefore designed new strategies after noticing the changes in the environment. These environmental changes are seen through the PEST and SWOT analysis. After considering all the factors Pizza Hut has decided upon the strategies and their current strategies are divided into five main categories and further have sub-parts. These strategies are: – Functional Strategies: These are strategies designed to improve the efficiency of a business’s operations. They often focus on an area, such as marketing, human resource etc. All business organizations adopt strategies at functional level as once the functional objectives are achieved, corporate objectives become easy. In order to make the functional strategy efficient, Pizza Hut has made all the functional departments co-operate with each other. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 13 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Total Quality Management (TQM): This is the most important for a food chain like Pizza Hut. All the employees’ backof-the-house i. e. the kitchen assistants are trained accordingly. They are given extra classes in order to meet the quality standards set by Pizza Hut around the world. This strategy is important in order to satisfy the CHAMPS. This strategy is strictly implemented in Pizza Hut in order to fulfill the quality standards. Different quality management staff is also there at Pizza Hut. The shift managers have the task to observe whether the quality standards are met or not, whereas there are a total quality management department at the main office in Karachi. This department has the task to implement quality standards and know whether they are achieved or not. Business Level Strategy: Business level strategies are plans made to gain a competitive advantage over its rivals in a market. Hence, all the businesses need to adopt business level strategies in order to compete in a competitive environment. If we take a look at the Pakistani market, there are no large competitors of Pizza Hut but unlimited small competitors exist in the market. The threat of competitors is very low as there is no international food chain offering pizza in Pakistan at present. Therefore, present strategies adopted by Pizza Hut are keeping in consideration the present competition. Whereas, in future this competition will increase and Pizza Hut will have to change all its business level strategies in order to compete with its rivals. In very near future Dominos is opening its first branch in Karachi. This would be a threat for Pizza Hut and hence, the strategies would be changed. Pricing Strategy: The level of competition a business faces determines its pricing strategy. Sometimes a business has the scope to set its price and sometimes a business cannot. When a business has the scope to set its price there is a number of pricing strategies or policies it might choose. As there are no such competitors of Pizza Hut which could compete with the quality of pizza produced at Pizza Hut, therefore, the pricing strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is ‘market skimming’. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This is a golden era for Pizza Hut, as there are no competitors and hence, Pizza Hut is free to charge any price they want. They are charging higher prices due to the uniqueness of the product. They satisfy the target market as the food quality is worth the price paid. The pricing strategy is not just to get the worth Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 14 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut of quality but also to gain maximum profits before any competitor enters because then Pizza Hut will have to change its pricing strategy. Although the prices would be lowered with the new entrants in the market but not to a greater extent as the quality food products are not home-produced. They are imported from different countries keeping in view the best quality. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 15 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Market Share: As there are Dozens of Pizza Suppliers Globally Providing Services in different part of the World, but Pizza Hut is the One who got the Bigger Market Share Globally. This is the Survey taken by www. survey. com that Pizza Hut is having 48% of Overall Pizza Market in the World. After that Dominos is leading with a percentage of 20% while the rest 32% is divided in the Remaining Pizza Providers Globally. MARKET SHARE OTHERS 32% PIZZA HUT PIZZA HUT 48% DOMINO’S OTHERS DOMINO’S 20% Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 16 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut FOUR P’S OF MARKETING. PRODUCT: Product refers to the actual program you are planning. The goal of pizza hut is to develop the best product with the resources available. Pizza Hut sells pizzas in four different sizes: personal (an individual serving), small, medium and large, though most stores have done away from with the small size. A variety of toppings are available, plus â€Å"specialty† styles, including Meat Lovers, Pepperoni Lovers, Cheese Lovers, Veggie Lovers, Double Cheeseburger, Supreme, Super Supreme and the newly introduced Pizza Mia. The pan pizza has a thicker crust than most other commercially available pizzas .so their products have help them to retain their customers and to increase them . they provide their customers with complete nutrition plan and healthy food is guaranteed. The nutrition plan also clearly tells diabetes patients can use what range of food at pizza hut. Over weight patients are also satisfied and the pizza with less cholesterol can be ordered. This encourages the customers to visit pizza hut rather than going elsewhere. As pizza hut has to boost its sales in the existing markets, so they the new food products are introduced in all branches line-by–line because all branches are operated in co-operation with one another. Different products for different regions are also developed as there are choice differences. Pizza hut offers a long list of products and never afraid to offer new products like in Peshawar according to market they introduce the very first â€Å"Chapli Kabab Pizza† which was very healthy product by Pizza hut in this region. There are a lot many products according to different geographical places. Like in India they have got there vegetable pizzas, which has a large market there BUT not the Cow Meat Pizza. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 17 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut. PRICE: . As there are no such competitors of Pizza Hut which could compete with the quality of pizza produced at Pizza Hut, therefore, the pricing strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is ‘market skimming’. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This is a golden era for Pizza Hut, as there are no competitors and hence, Pizza Hut is free to charge any price they want. They are charging higher prices due to the uniqueness of the product. They satisfy the target market as the food quality is worth the price paid. The pricing strategy is not just to get the worth of quality but also to gain maximum profits before any competitor enters because then Pizza Hut will have to change its pricing strategy. Although the prices would be lowered with the new entrants in the market but not to a greater extent as the quality food products are not home-produced. They are imported from different countries keeping in view the best quality. First, this pricing strategy will help segment the market. Different groups of customers are willing to pay different prices for the same product. The high/low pricing strategy will also create excitement. The pricing strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is ‘market skimming’. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This product will emphasize product and service quality PLACE/DISTRIBUTION: It refers to the best place to offer program. That is the place where it is located and through what channels are we distributing programs and the competitive advantage lies in distribution. The pizza hut Peshawar is situated out of the market area near Army Stadium and Shami road. This site has been chosen keeping in view the following factors. It is in an out of centre location on retail or Leisure Park with good parking accessibility. Secondly the catchment area is of a specified minimum size and within a given drive time to the site. Distribution The type of distribution channel used by Pizza Hut is the direct channel. The direct channel is successful when there is an extremely large market that is geographically dispersed. The direct channel is also useful when there are a large number of buyers, but a small amount purchased by each. Pizza Hut uses three different methods of selling its products directly to the market. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 18 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut i. The first method of distribution used by Pizza Hut is Home. Office delivery. Customers can call Pizza Hut ahead of time, place an order, and the order is delivered to the customer’s home. can go to the nearest Pizza Hut, place an order and either leave with the order or eat at the restaurant. One of Pizza Hut’s largest competitive advantages is its restaurant style facility. Pizza Hut offers a clean place to sit down and enjoy the variety of pizzas, salads, and sandwiches in a fun, family atmosphere. ii. Another method of distribution is for customers to dine-in. Customers iii. The third method of distribution is to order Online. Selective County Customers can now go on the Internet and place an order for Pizza. This method is useful because it allows customers to view the entire menu, download any special coupons, and order without having to disclose any credit card numbers. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 19 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut PROMOTION: The objectives of promotion are to introduce a new product, stimulate demand, change the short-term behavior of the customers, and encourage repeat or greater usage by current customers. Pizza hut uses many promotional strategies. The main promotion is a coupon to purchase. This promotion is also distributed mainly by mail, but also by fliers on college campuses around the country in order to reach the target market. They are using billboards on main stream places to get there customer. They are also distributing door to door brochures to capture more and more customers. Pizza huts also using marketing techniques. These are the strategies Pizza hut is using for its marketing. Pizza huts try’s to attract the younger generation as their main market segment. Apart from this Pizza Hut is using intense marketing strategies they are also giving ads in magazines. Advertising camping will creates awareness of the products in our target markets. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 20 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut CONCLUSION Pizza Hut has many targets which it has achieve in a given period of time. The time-period is mostly a year. Therefore, in order to fulfill the targets different strategies are adopted by Pizza Hut. It can be concluded that these strategies have been successful and there is flexibility in the strategies, as they can be changed with the changes in the market conditions as well as the targets. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 21 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut REFERENCES Mr. Amir Zeb, Shift Manager, Pizza Hut, Peshawar Mr. Hamad Zeb, Shift Manger, Pizza Hut, Peshawar Lower staff of Pizza Hut, Peshawar Google Search Engine www. definitions. com www. answers. com www. about. com www. wikipedia. org www. pizzahut. com Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan  .