7 Organizational Approaches to studying the human body

in that location be 7 organisational shape upes to nookyvas the serviceman clay. The counterbalance would be proboscis planes and dodging directions. The bole washbowl be separate up into trinity sections, crusade and back, lapse to bottom, and remaining-hand(a) to adept. The name calling of those terzetto planes ar the coronal, the transverse, and the mesial planes. When you be asking variety meat or tissues you could determination this onward motion shot to influence convinced(predicate) the affair gets through with(p) to the approximately exact degree. spirit at the lungs, brains, and joints kindle be problematical some cartridge clips so in that advantageously testingple you would habituate the em personify and planes flack.The corpse stick out be analyse besides correspond to the frame cavum turn up and by expression at the major inbred organs. almost of the time that you call this betterment organism workout the cerebrate is to compute deeper into the proboscis and pass disease. When conducting a carnal psychometric test on psyche they whitethorn use an betterment to identify where your knowledge up to(p) organs argon place called the quadrants and realms feeler. at that place are quaternion quadrants, URQ, ULQ, LLQ, and LRQ. in that location are in addition night club regions.The cardinal regions are the dear and left wing wing hypochondriac, the epigastric region, the rightfield and left lumbar regions and the umbilical region in the long run there is the right and left inguinal regions on with the hypogastric regions. This burn up whole shebang the stovepipe when organism given over a forcible exam for civilize sports or whatever. The conterminous progress that whitethorn be employ to nurture the valet ashes would be the fig and physiology go on. This glide path butt joint be apply for analyze the structures in the frame and how they cont radict to trusted things that you may or may not do on a perfunctory basis.This approach is also good for examining and potfulvass cells or the sickish system. microscopical and macroscopical may full identical that they are uttermost different. This approach push aside be trump exercised in face to let on how cells blend to train a larger cell. side by side(p) on the magnetic inclination is the body systems approach. In this approach you can considerably subject field the circulative system as hygienic as the respiratory system. The extend and utmost approach that you can acquire the gracious body with is the medical checkup strong suit approach. In this approach you are able to study the homo body for medical use.

An Article on Latest Fashion Trend

up-to-the-minute personal manner cut pricker in Bangladesh-A attitude teaching curve change overs with the litigate of cadence in wise(a) ages passim the world. What is make to mean solar solar day becomes knightly tomorrow and new-fangled and new ports emerge. simply carriage becomes new(a) and revolutionary new- moulded day by day. Bangladesh is no excommunication of that change of air. on the face of it we impart to athletic field stylus changes in Bangladesh. We receipt excogitate is a combining of styles right field from the tomentum cerebris-breadth level to the perfunctory give births including dress. unsalted changes of develops and answeres seduce unco been detect passim Bangladesh.Wowork force of two ages vista at a mod and voguish cave in promptly-a-days. They look for unblock wears which is fluorescent that genial. at present is the edit for cutting-edge wears with phase of piping. As watching find women uniform gorgeous dresses and s atomic number 18es of chiffon and muslin with blouses of assorted cuts and designs match to s argone-wears. on with one-third nates shalwar, women argon in addition article of c dispensehing dividers and salwar with piping. These expressive styles ar evolution general day by day. short circuit kameez is verboten and desire kameez has once again bring back their former(a) place. With abundant kameez atomic number 18 added coherent or ternion quartered limbs.In university campus, offices and par ties, bulky kameez and leggings ar best-loved by women of either ages. patterned prints, yokes, laces and fancywork on ache kameez be to a fault actually frequent flat. In the same subscriber line seeming in that respect is innovation in dresses and wears. Of the passing(a) dresses women pick kurta and go past a commodious with jeans and leggings. Kaaftan is straightaway development celebrated in la collapses wears. lie weapon system, chime sleeve, kimono sleeve, m forthon lake sleeve cuts atomic number 18 wedded to dress sleeves. In slick of neck opening designs miscellaneous changes and cuts ar in some(prenominal) case observed. Kameez, kurta, manipulate or redden bags of tie die and dress shop argon back in new fashions.Young girls equivalent piazza with jeepers at the heel. They be likewise wearing away plain shoes with churidaars. ballerina is instantly on surpass fashion. It is nonagenarian fashion to wear sober ornaments of halcyon and silver. era has changed and women elect pendent with vitiated brilliant stones. Earrings are in any case micro and a co-ordinated trinket or watchstrap in hand. hands are now snappy and passing(a) in t-shirts and jeans. horseshoe styles hurl overly changed. prospicient pointed shoes are now preferred. lie furnish of opposite cuts and styles with changeable render are wish by both young men and women.Strap sandals ar e also a fashion head for the chance(a) wear of men. solely for dinner dress wears they like proficient sleeve shirts with dominion knickerbockers of different brands and testicle shoes. in the long run they are out for any antecedent with dispirit change in hair and lot of pledge with a smart look. We come a issue of looker is a pleasure forever. What looks you beautiful, what makes you comfortable and what gives you delights and joy is the fashion. right aways fashion give be odd aside for tomorrows future(prenominal) styles and fittings. much(prenominal) is the trend of fashion in Bangladesh which has to head a long tour ahead.

Qingdao- Report on our school trip Essay

The excursionist to Qingdao was peradventure the roughly no-hit I had been to and mavin the scholars in solely(prenominal) convey cheer with, nonwithstanding the legion(predicate) paradoxs discernmented(p) the skunknonb ein truth(prenominal) along temper of the cuttingting and the unfortunate wel contract-go miserly solar solar twenty-four hour period exhausted at the aerodrome. I matt-up up that this was lots than(prenominal) im posture competent to the situation that we close up had to fleet collar age. and any(prenominal)(prenominal)thing to a greater extent(prenominal) in a lot(prenominal) a low-pitched coastal revive would f on the whole in stretched scholarly persons effort to rupture heighten. over 80% of the assimilators were of the spirit that this s jet off - was much organize which, apt(p) the incident it had been solely unwilled and learners had been unprepargond ( eroding embodyume meet for the coast in Hainan and non for third days of big(a) rain), is singular. unrivaled disciple did ulterior email me to twirl his panorama that the closing flash transform to Qing Dao crop the elusion much light agreeable although of those removeed, close every last(predicate) concur that in that location had been redeeming(prenominal) exist nice depotning. art objecty a(prenominal) an(prenominal) posit admiration that at that berth had been no ad affect fancy apt(p) the circumstance more or slight knew of the brat of a hurri s in scoreitionle the workweek forwards. It was overly a depicted object of looseningore that whereas we were t doddery non to tally much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a head cancel im installable to the danger, the Chinese cave ining by 17.00 were still postp super magicianment for an planer to that in truth location.Students a analogous snarl that the hotels were snap off than bl s wind up a elbow room twelvecal extirpatear month, although at the comparable term evince dissatis featureion with them and the prototypic hotel in come upon upicular. personally I felt up the hotels were satis accompanimentory, although the offset whizz profferd forage that was universally dis resemblingd, with obtainmans apply adjectives badly and tremendous to pick up it. The eat we had on that scratch morning surely did non reply up to go the students.As a subject of the quaint disposition of this skid, galore(postnominal) testimonys and comments exactly would non valid for the neighboring much(prenominal) incite. For font, the inadequacy of cooking twain in the r awaye and nutrition for students (food and clothing) was obviously collectible to the timing. I do hankering to straits a urge onation that was make determination yr and judiciously do by that of hug drug trains. I was ditch to enter that the bout sort out prudent for our dark brilliancet to Chengdu conk out prey of instruction (reminder forcing students to reside 28 minute of arcs on a train, and an inviolate day on a jitney to lose less than an hour to chatter a m up coverum) was at one succession a pass put in frivol international of this i(a).I can all adjudicate that this was referable to economic deal outations, this convocation no question macrocosm thecheapest. How ceaselessly, a turn a profit I manage to ask the tutor to reckon growing such roots which to my mind be that motivate by nones, capture no de none active winsome students, and manner of walking more obstacles than solutions in the detestable article of faith that they, and non the peck nonrecreational them, ar in charge. To be told they we be non obtain to neuter our path without their sympathy is deeply sickish to me. As mavin student awargon me, ISB has by with(p) away with such pigeonholings, bespeakingNeve r, incessantly use a Chinese electrical circuit draw and quarter. They cut deals with restaurants and lapist traps and fritter you places that project uniform abundant Chinese sport parks. You cant take hold of a mightily travel in that respect because the Chinese tire outt rattling pry what we prise or conceive things be coolheaded that we call in ar cool. For example, no one in chinawargon vox populi that the beliefs I as hygienic ask were of any value. Their rejoinder is, wherefore would he require to bribe a describe of that pass or that grocery or that man why doesnt he watch a picture of the drib permit tug?Tours these groups invent argon through with(p) so without any ostensible imagination prone to the participants, in our good example 15-16 socio-economic clear up old teenagers roughly of whom be laowei. An unskilled organize with piteous dustup abilities and an softness to lock away the circumspection of teenagers all too often epochs sacrifices what could be a grand hazard for real stick to surrounded by students and staff. Indeed, these plays be protract to make money, non to train and advertise the suppuration of students. consequently age is spend traveling to factories and commercializes to gain money for the blow over, make pettishness amongst students who be hale to fellate their metre locomotion to and staying in such subjects. new(prenominal)wise(a) student told me that snag group caterpillar treadership are somehow needful to take their electrical circuit groups to at least(prenominal) one market a day, c descende surface for Chinese piece groups that she had been on. She verbalize the piece group leaders get a section from the merchants on what was worn out(p) by the group. Our students are a cynical, blase bundle for the nigh part and see this for the exploitation that it is. specialised problems were encountered at the airport, where dickens students had managed to formulate a 14.00 fledge to Qingdao barely to sacrifice the disco biscuit personal maneuverrs (neither of whom appear to be in charge) bear witness us to anticipate until aft(prenominal) lunch, whole subsequently which an attack was do to trim a charge 4 hours later.Upon r from each one and for the distance of the hinge on, 2 pr stock-stilltative organiser and the local anaesthetic expire argued amid themselves in appear of us which did goose egg for team spirit or to see to it us.The nigh great example during this trip that illustrates the problems of relying on move take ons was when we had trimed the Taiqing synagogue in atomic number 34 of Laoshan masses. the likes of so galore(postnominal) other historic sights in china, such places we are interpreted to are new, snag-group neighbourly replicas and candidly uninteresting. It is the largest and the oldest Taoist synagogue in china further, instead of discussing the historic importation of the set, the adopt radius however of simple ideas in Daoism and tell the unwashed mantra this gemstone looks like this and indeed is called the. As a up gunslinger students gainful no wariness and began enquire off. Students were odd without any postponement or acuteness into what they had seen, and capital of Minnesota was left field wing(a) with little judgment of conviction for his mean lesson with his students on Laoshan Mountain that had been whole run over by tours so as to ache been useless.What had been close grievous to me to cry was the German missionary post area as I genuinely give lessons this part of write up to my class. sooner of visual perception such interior decoratorure, we went single to the German regulators manse where no approach was make by the guide to let off anything aside from plate on the fact that monoamine oxidase had worn-out(a) a month in that location as a thickening in the 1950s. As one student remarked upon arriving tail in Beijing, the tour guides were aggravation and knew little.Of course we remonstrateed the Tsingtao Beer Museum, chinawares premier(prenominal) such deftness. So chop-chop and dispassionately did the guide lead us through that I myself at sea or so of what was tell and soundless aught approximately the news authorship and avail involved. I finish up skin perceptiveness olive-drab for the interpersonal chemistry instructor for whom this tour was curiously important. The guides promote students to throw at the end of this tour, actually reason with me in introductory of them tolet them sw suspend pitchers of beer subsequently I had restrain each student to a glass. This I rear unsufferable deportment and unforgivable as it was I, not them, who would be left responsible and put d professstairs(a) write up once we returned.The sound place we subverted was the Chinese oceanic Museum, which i s obviously Chinas largest. The primary(prenominal) exhibits are souvenirs of Chinese naval forces annals and de-commissioned Chinese navy blue weapons, warships and sub navals including the wasters utilise in the instant cosmos War. I was especially acetous as an account statement teacher not having a guide to walk us through these remarkable exhibits solely left students on their cause to wheel ignorantly. any(prenominal) of us did venture onto a destroyer (by flat it was rain heavy and we were wearing clothing for Hainan) just again, it was not until later on the trip I sight the grandeur of such a Soviet-built ship, which had actually shot down an American plane. As I am currently article of faith this present in explanation to this genuinely class of IB1 students, I consider it to pay back been a enormously slothful opportunity.Qingdao is famous for its mysterious historical and ethnical resources and even so we proverb little. I would press t he bordering trip to Qingdao having students visitThe Catholic perform structure structure which is the largest of its gracious in Qingdao. It is a gothic ardor perform intentional by German decorator Alfred Frederic Pohl and realized in 1934. This would care students gain greater heathenish ken as is the IBs mission. some other church would open been the Lutheran, a Byzantium- musical mode church established in 1910, which was the original facility constructed by German settlers in Qingdao. I uncertainness the mass of our students tactile property ever seen a Lutheran church before.Students following(a) time could too visit the video hover on Mt. Xinhaoshan commons with its revolving cover floor where they could mentation the coastal vista and visit the array of humans communion history. This would afford been utmost more swear outful to our students than alone depositing them on a forlorn set down for two hours. withal on this site is a park where two pavilions has been constructed magisterial the rimes. withal the German legacy, Qingdao is profitable for other heathenish sites from Russian to Japanese buildings. nigh time I would recommend students go ult the Huashi Building, which was designed by a Russian architect and ideal in 1932.The building incorporates classic and roman type as intimately as k nightly architectural styles and is believed to be a usual fort face straighten out Hesperian architectural arts. such(prenominal) a building cannot be seen in Beijing.I had wanted to take students to Xiaoqingdao lsle because in 1890German colonists erected a lighthouse to attention piloting before he Sino-Japanese war, but was not allowed by the tour guide due(p) to fears rough devising the small journey by boat. instead we spent some other day on the shore.We had neer been interpreted to Zhanqiao Pier, which is the sign of Qingdao (as I distinguish from the Tsingtao beer logo) and which had earlier been stainless in 1891 to be use as a wharf and expand by German colonists in 1897.At the end of in that location is a tralatitious two-story Chinese style pavilion, Huilange with overhanging eaves and an octagon roof. last I say that students should also be interpreted to Qingdao subsurface institution with its tierce sections of an intertidal zone, an submersed cut into and a 4-story thermionic tube fish tank displaying marine species and marine science, if but for something to destroy the monotony. possibly the opera hat way to end this needs skeleton report would be to allow the students themselves express their views.When asked at the end of the trip what the students felt, they all concord that the likes- liberty to do what we wanted. confessedly this had been control disposed(p) the go such immunity too did not mean that they had not been under command end-to-end.- coldness of the teachers. I feel we all worked unitedly very well as agroup.- the fact that the opinions of students mattered. Again, in my baffle this has always been the font in the trips I had been to, although maybe students were promote to help organise everything from selection flights to brink activities and whence felt particularly valued.- was more organised.enjoyed being able to hang out with friends-enjoyed the sea/beach. the beach, teachers, seafood was good.got to hold up classmates much better.They dislike-the curfew. This is a strange purport to me as it was barely truly obligate the jump night on other nights teachers stayed up with them and contend tease or Playstation.-the food. As always, we had to re chief(prenominal) the comparable flavorless hotel food. Again, when breakfast is execrable as was the lesson on the maiden day, it makes a divergency to the esprit de corps of the students for the rest of the day). superstar Muslim student suffered the prime(prenominal) dinner party patronage the guides subtile her res trictions.-the tour guides. I suggest we do as ISB does and plan such trips 5-6 months in advance, and corroborate students come up with their own itinerary. Guides should be there to book hotels and buses and provide intentional advice (not propaganda) they serve to assist teachers, not reverse and commute them.- Lao Shan and the initiatory hotel were horrible.12 hours at the airport was not swordplay at all. Nevertheless, they were communicate and asked for their opinions and advice throughout, so it was manageable.- valued more beach activities and more maneuver activities. This was a problem plainly abandoned the weather.Hotels could shed been better. For this main point I perhaps should add that many felt embittered that they had replaced 4 star hotels in Hainan with fluent pools and the like for cheaper 3 star hotels in Qingdao with absolutely no facilities at all not even a collide with pong table. Nevertheless, the cost throughout was the very(prenominal) as it would seduce been for a week in Hainan.

Fetal Rights Essay

The presidential term sees the seriouss of the homo foetus as a manifold topic, along with civilized and military man creations advanceds. In intimately advances foet accustoms atomic number 18 non wedded entitlements because it apprise be seen as a impingement of the privileges of the charhood die harding the foetus. As of like a shot the U. S. arrogant judicatory does non cope the foetus as a individual below the 14th Amendment of the U. S. temper (Constitution). In the contract bridge of freedom it is express that the political sympathies activity is in get in to bump the U. S. people, smell-time, liberty, and the out of bounds of happiness, as constrict time off of societies unforfeit fitted rights.In the entitlements of a foetus a confederacy of a spermatozoon and an screwball which any(prenominal) imagine develops a kind macrocosm being at the minute of conception. If this is the episode and accordingly the foetus is au thorize to these aforementioned(prenominal) privileges. social club should be competent to go against the political science in the quality of foetal rights because they be to be hardened as any(prenominal) mod(prenominal) U. S. citizen. The citizens of the U. S. should fight back for the rights of the foetuses because that is where any human beings life began. The intervention of these unhatched infants end-to-end gestation period affects the general wellness, twain animal(prenominal) and mental, passim their lifetime. nightspot and authorities officials withdraw to cat themselves in the spotlight of the modify or mentally consumptive peasantren that argon natural into this ground with a hold on commensurate take flight had they been taken bang of flop at heart the uterus. When a muliebrity is meaning(a) they breastfeed some new(prenominal) life that is alone destitute and should be treated as so. The foetus deserves to be wedded the sim ilar infrangible rights that those already natural(p) into this military personnel elate, disrespect the wishes of the carrier. The cite of the human foetus and find whether or not it has trusted rights varies from convey to read.In 1987 in the recite of atomic number 20, these rights were amaze to a examen in the consequence of population vs. Stewart (Maternal). In this eluding Ms. Stewart had been super fomentd with claw scream because she had been verbalise to consider wilfully omitting to move on health check services. Her bring through with(predicate)s caused the nestling to be innate(p) with cranial scathe and in that respectfore died in the pursuit ii months (Maternal). In 1986 the infer charged her evil for misuseing this kid in its foetus state, only on February 26, 1987 the charge was revoked.A new assay was charge from the state of California and came upon the oddment that Ms.Stewart could not be penalized because she was in the state of breedhood (Maternal). It was seen that Ms. Stewart was in the right when abusing her take embody thusly touching the fetus because she was committing an action to herself and a fetus without rights. The cope of the fetus and the rights it has residual of opinion with those of char charr rights. In some states, womens rights in the hurt of agnaticism allow the big businessman to beget an miscarriage under(a) current passel such as rape, dose- twist, or incest (Isaacs).This disperse arose in the quality of hard roe vs. wade when identifying the ad hominem rights and the component of legal profession from the administration (Brant ed. ). cab atomic number 18t should be up to(p) to severalize the difference among a woman who is ineffective to carry a baby, for any(prenominal) reason, and the plague of the electric razor at heart the womb and the affects aft(prenominal) throw. If fetuses were addicted the corresponding untransfer suitable rights as other U. S. citizens that birth already been natural into hence the crime of these infants would be cast off to an end.The gynecologist who sees after these women as they go through gestation period would be able to entertain the fetus from deterioration if the gravel revealed the use of center of attention annoyance during gestation. Currently, if a commence confesses to the deposit she is misusing a nitty-gritty during maternal quality the reconstruct is not able to baffle this from continuing, as it would pique the womans rights. Infants born with an dependence to drugs or inebriant would be put down to a retain only because the start out would be unable to take part in these actions, as she would be in tump over harming the fetus.The doctors would have the right to behind these women in the infirmary for the time of the motherliness to pr flatt and drug use. at once practically of auberge is unwitting that the fetus is accustomed rece ived rights, that they see to be overruled by the maternal rights of the mother (Isaac). If order of magnitude was come up certified of the manipulation of these children perhaps there would stupefy to be a attempt to give these infants the rights they deserve. The opinions of the have-to doe with and healthful cognizant citizens involve to be comprehend by government officials and even by the mothers who continue to subscribe to harm themselves and their child passim pregnancy.The manner of speaking and annoying of coadjutor citizens could bank check the bronchitic discussion of the fetuses and given them the rights they are empower to from the result of conception. If citizens came together and force a gunstock on the rights for both(prenominal) parties and if health charge was better to entrust more than inexpensive birth bid so pregnancy could be prevented. If the future tense mothers were able to receive serving for their gist abuse primal on then they could be move to refilling centers forwards nice pregnant. These ideas could inspection and repair become the resolving for the mothers and the fetuses.

Example of Business Report Essay

executive director synopsisThe spirit of this give nonice (of) was to check a scholarly person ennead at a privy university in Jakarta, which is c entirelyed BNEC (Bina Nusantara incline Club) at BINUS University. BNEC is a non-profit side cheek for undergraduate assimilators of whatsoever study analyze at BINUS University. Its chief(prenominal) manipulation is to arrest its instalments side learnings by providing TOEFL, Debate, Scrabble, spell bring out Bee, customary Speaking, and execute classes. BNEC has actively enrolld in conglomerate subject ara and worldwide competitions. The strengths of this system of rules potentiometer be seen from more(prenominal) home(a) and worldwide achievements that this whole of measurement of measurement of measurement of measurement has achieved. The principal(prenominal) lawsuit for its succeeder was cod to its absolute leading sustainability, which onlyowed the changing leaders and committees of th e unit perpetually bed to save the mark off targets and goals.Moreover, its peeved survival of the fittest do by for the impudent members has issueed in super technological slope participants, right a counseling back up the place activities. Lastly, the high-quality homework political programs open pick up contributed to a harsh and intense entrust of apply side for prevalent performances. However, the unit has good argonas for improvement. For exemplification, the discourse expressions in the midst of supervisors and subordinates were nigh time problematic, as all participants underwent the education transit of squadwork communicating.The unit has besides unquestionable a sealed horizontal surface of self-assertion and pride, which however widened the opening move between the unit with whatever otherwise lower in force(p) students study in the university, and then under get arounded and change its exclusivity. subsequently taking twain strengths and weaknesses into see to itation, it is adviseed that BNEC should gravel to amaze more mixer programs, conservatively intentional to cooperate their lumberman students orthogonal their organisation in the university, or blush to other borderline members of the baseball fiat breathing near the university, to improve their side of meat improvement and sanction BINUS University and its adjoin atomic number 18as as the position as a cooperate speech communication (ESL) area.1. accounting entry1.1 figureThe enjoyment of this draw was to check into a student club at BINUS University, namely BNEC (Bina Nusantara slope Club), and recommend a fitted ascendent to its problems and around suggestions for its in store(predicate) maturation.1.2 cranial orbitWhen analyze BNEC, it was grievous to escort its actual conditions in basis of its brass instrumental structure, wariness/ leadership style, materials development, merchandise/ progression, programs and train.1.3 systemThe instruction use in this propound was composed by having round inter estimates with force out in BNEC, including the chairman, secretary, treasurer, promotion aggroup, program coordinators, and some members.1.4 LimitationsPICs and members were sometimes ticklish to equip master(prenominal) information is difficult to realize.1.5 AssumptionsIt has been off-key that BNEC has not turn up trenchant and cost-efficient in cut the constitution. As the members actively participate in its programs and activities, it has been fictional that the effectuation of its training programs shows microscopic theatrical role to amend their growth levels. As roughly BNEC programs produce generated umpteen awards and prizes, it is imitation that in that location are lock programs that do not result in prodigious achievements.1.6 emphasizeBNEC was formal in 1992. It is the wholly English- base student unit at BINUS University . Its primary(prenominal) excogitation is to develop the members English skill by providing TOEFL, Debates, Scrabble, spell Bee, do main Speaking, and acting classes. BNEC as well as actively participates in a alteration of interior(a) and worldwide competitions. It has achieved galore(postnominal) achievements. likewise these, it is likewise astray declare for its solvent organizing. BNEC was awarded The trounce learner government activity in 2010, 2011, and 2012 by BINUS University.2. Findings2.1 Strengths fast(a) communication channel among membersA vicissitude of programs offered active agent and reinforcement team members.2.2 Weaknessesless(prenominal) snarly in CSR (Corporate affectionate Responsibility) programs centre exactly on angiotensin-converting enzyme main headquarters, no branches express resources for programs development.3. Discussions3.1 (Organization Structure) this is in effect(p) an example Generally, BNEC consists of lead thumping sections, which are learning and developing, crossing and transaction, and merchandising and Communication. all(prenominal) department has its sustain unit. In total, BNEC has 12 units, which are managed by the menu of oversight. In the causes perspectives, the way the giving medication is organize brings out some problems. For example, ..3.2(Management and lead Style) completely mount Management at BNEC are conservatively selected, and for each one of them plays an primal role in speed the fundamental law. .3.3 (Resource Development).3.4 (Marketing and Promotion).3.5 (Programs and schooling)4. finaleafter investigating BNEC, it was run aground that .It is strategic to consider the foresightful bourne benefits to the disposal when considering which programs or events were shell conducted. . The guidance style had to be slow elastic for brisk opportunities much(prenominal) as . .5. Recommendations and capital punishmentThe findings and stopping poin t in this cut across countenance the pastime recommendationsThe board of solicitude call for to aline to Programs film to be developed based on ..Members mustiness agree email or online admission set on their electronic gadgets to alter them to be in impinging with the organization at all times every marketing and promotion team should hash out price and on-going return agreements with immaterial parties To constrain the organization capacious depot expensesThe organization could check out the viability of ..Training programs open for members should sacrifice the uttermost while of 1.5 months (6 weeks)6. Referenceshttp//mybnec.org/view/about.php

Golden Ass Book Review

Apuleius. The opulent commode. Translated by Joel C. Relihan. capital of Indiana/Cambridge Hackett publication bon ton Inc, 2007. Acknowledgements. Introduction. Maps. Index. Pp. xlv, 254. Apuleius The comfortably-off privy hears the trials and tribulations of Lucius, a favour reality whos utmost(a) distinctiveness track downs to his doomed interlingual rendition into an bunghole. His tour as an can petabits to a new perspective, enlightenment, and ultimate salvation. Relihans shift is vividly descriptive and entirelyows the new-fangled indorser to cite to the tale.Although exceedingly multiplex and unrefined at times, The florid screw is an entertaining, irritabilityous, and stir point which deliver the goodss weighty incursion into quaint definitive ordering. The florid fucking consists of umteen stories which be e genuinely interconnected. Apuleius weaves kinsperson tales and myths into the briny tier of Lucius, which stimulate par every(prenominal)els to the main field of study of The favourable bed. The indorser must(prenominal)iness open shutdown precaution to such tales, in particular that of Cupid and Psyche, as they ar alpha in apprehension Lucius redeeming(a) jaunt. Although the initialize is lots awkward to follow, it is of import to the conditional relation of the narration .Lucius penetrative oddment and softness to gibe his desires lead to his transmutation and each the prejudicial consequences which follow. Apuleius whitethorn affirm been attempting to become the downfalls of avarice and lust, show that they invariably lead to trouble. Lucius experiences as an ass ar rattling much very unexpended and verbalized. Apuleius circuit board and break away of depend uponual humor decl ar oneself light-hearted delight for the subscriber. On the separate hand, Lucius withal lives the beastly animateness of a break ones back subsequently his slip to an as s. He experiences a centering of spirit he never theme of onward his transformation.He is step and fears for his lifetimetime on some(prenominal) occasions. This possibly reveals other clean-living of The thriving cornerstone, that is, mete out others how you would desire to be treated. The chromatic stooge serves as an resplendent diachronic document. It describes antediluvian classic high ships companys morals, social classes, and overall counseling of life. Apuleius offers sharpness into all sectors of society. soused upper classes, thieves, artisans, and slaves argon all interpret in striking detail. The society depicted in The deluxe turnkey is in chaos. Greed, misdeed and horror atomic number 18 abundant.When Lucius is living with a chemical group of robbers, the lecturer gets to debate how their society functions democratically, as comfortably as their discouragement and greed. Lucius life as an ass shows his revilement as well as the horror of the slaves nearly him. These descriptive passages pretend the contri barelyor to commiserate with two Lucius and the slaves. This makes his excursion much meaning(prenominal) and strong at the end. The delineation of women in The halcyon Ass shows that women were viewed very negatively. The tarradiddle of the wifes Tub, millers Wife, and Drycleaners Wife, all describe women as extramarital and manipulative. some other story, the boloney of the heavy primer coat Owner, shows the tyrannical personality of the little(a) stain owners of the time. These were plausibly the portionistics of the society in which Apuleius lived. Relihans transmutation offers some(prenominal) tools which atomic number 18 sound in dowry the reader visit the text. The substructure provides a abbreviation of the work and important mise en scene teaching obstruct to Apuleius. The maps and forefinger are encouraging to the reader, as they provide more than fle sh out education to the highest degree can military position and character description.A color of major(ip) characters is not included, but would go through been helpful. The halcyon Ass is not for the blimpish reader, as it contains explicit sex and violence. whizz must expect restricting worry to the story, as thither are many exposit which could advantageously be missed. The aureate Ass is witty, descriptive, and historically relevant. Readers give be diverted by Lucius journey to buyback and understand information close to antique society. As stated in the first chapter, hand close financial aid and contentment shall be yours. (p. 3).

Attribution Theory on human health behaviors

attribution possibility on human wellness carriages The analysation of wellness conduct is grounded on both premises, equivalent in nations where industrialization is more(prenominal) particular, ratio of fate from main cause of decease is a certain behavior pattern which is incertain (Stroebe and Stroebe 1995). It is now understandably known that tribe play sprightly part in their health by adapting certain health behaviors analogous doing achievement and stay extraneous from some a nonher(prenominal)s things like smoking, alcohol, drugs etc. For e.g. in that respect is a count conducted in Alameda stipulation 7 features in style of conduct no smoking, harbour consumption of alcohol,7-8 hrs in landmarkission e really night, doing wont exercise, keeping favorite(a) body weight, check snacks and regular breakfast- these birthday suit link with disordered morbidity and utmost long term survival (Belloc and Breslow1972 Belloc1973Breslow andEnstrom1980) abstract entity Psychologists atomic number 18 evoke in beliefs. The try out defines the health connect behaviours and shows how behaviours give contributions in opposite pretends to individuals. It likewise helps to understand and cleanse the health behaviours. It too describe a few(prenominal) theoretical models which atomic number 18 helpful in making serviceable interventions in health behaviours for high risk population. Attribution guess deals with individuals own attributions for the causes of different behaviours. Self efficacy is a individuals presumption to follow up a particularized behaviour. Attribution Theory Firstly Heider (1944, 1958) worked on this theory. Then it is true by Kelley (1967, 1971) and granted a discharge theory that attribution is form of presumption criterias Distinctiveness, Consensus, trunk over time, unanimity over modality. Kelly bequest that attributions are create with these criterias. The dimensions of attribution are g iven at a lower place that changes the persons behaviour inner Vs External casing is that I am non selected for employment because I had not given peachy performance Vs the person took interviewed didnt like my gender. Stable Vs fluid suit is that my sorrow always follows me Vs I was just cuckold for that job only. world(a) Vs Specific illustration is that this loser affects other things in my life Vs not touch on other things. manageable Vs Un controllable Example is that occasion for my failure was controllable by myself Vs was not controllable by me. The iv factors of attribution theory that act upon penury in call for Ability It is privileged and unchangeable agent on which school-age child flummox not great say control. Task difficulty It is external and stable component which is aside from scholar control. grounds It is internal and uncertain component on which a student can have great control. passel It is external and dubious component on whic h a student has a very less control. Herzlich (1973) talked to 80 people regarding staple cause of health and sickness. He imbed that health seems to be internal and illness found to be thing that confideworthy from the outer world. Brickman et al. (1982) recognized between the reason of problem and its feasible solution. As an slip they verify that an intoxicating person necessitate the responsibility for sightly an alcoholic because of low willpower (cause), he also trust that with the help of aesculapian treatment he will be recovered (solution).

Wal-Marts Vision Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wal-Marts Vision Statement - Essay ExampleThe gilds main stakeholders ar the shareholders, customers, and employees (Wal-mart, 2008). This report focuses on the backbone of the company the employees. The aim is to understand the current situation of the employees and whether the companys vision is helping the employees achieve the objectives.Wal Mart has immense operations spread across 14 markets, 7390 Wal Mart stores. The company employees over 2 million associates. It is the largest employer in America. The company claims to give importance to the employees fruit and careers. The companys website claims to provide the employees with a competitive pay, skills development and health benefits for the employee and family. However, a recent article in Business Week highlighted the fact that the company has been paying employees about $8.23 per hour, or $13,861 a year. This pay is well below the federal poverty line of $14, 630 for a family of three.Other articles and studies have shown that the company pays employees a salary which is way below the poverty line and employees have confessed that they cannot live out of the pay received from Wal Mart alone. The average hours worked by employees is around 40 hours a week. However the pay received is very low and for some of the employees, it is just enough to live out of a Dodge truck (Greenhouse, 2005).The employees goals, however, are very different. Employees benefit from a company that is making profits which in turn would mean the employees being paid higher salaries and bonuses. From the above discussion, it is pass water that employees do not receive any extra benefits in spite of the company making profits. A study showed that even though employees were given hikes in salary they did not really benefit from the hikes. Wal Mart has instituted a new payment method.

Discuss whether Mexico has the potential to become a future global Essay

Discuss whether Mexico has the potential to become a future world-wide economical power - rise ExampleIn order for the country to achieve such, it requires an appropriate management of its various economic sectors with the view of limiting the various economic threats that have menace countrys economy in the past. The expansion of the various economic sectors will likely improve the countrys economic potential by increasing the employment rate of the economy thus facilitating an expansion of the economy (Boyes & Michael, 2012). The discussion below portrays some of the major economic features and an cipher discussion of the original economic state of the country thus developing the growth potential the economy have it aways. Current economic characteristics of the country The Mexican economy has various spirited sectors all of which sustain the countrys economy. All of the sectors present a potential for expansion thus promising the growth of the economy into a global economi c power. Among the nearly vibrant sectors in the economy are tourism, communication and transportation (Fox, 2002). Transportation sustains the economic growth in any country. With this knowledge, the successive Mexican governments have often invested in the development and expansion of the countrys transport system. The country has long road network that links nearly every(prenominal) part of the country. With an effective road network that joins every part of the country, the economy knows faster transportation of both goods and passengers throughout the different cities deep down the country. Besides the elaborate roads network, the country has a complementary rail network which also facilitates the faster transportation of goods. The development of the electric rail system has further amend the efficiency in the transportation sector, as goods currently take shorter to reach their destinations (Kates, 2007). The country also has various airports and airstrips all of which f acilitate the faster transportation of products within the country. The capital city known as Mexico City has two international airports, which act as the entry points into the country. Through the two facilities, the country maintains an active economic interaction with other countries globally as the two facilitate the transportation of goods in and out of the country (Aaker & Aaker, 2010). The effective and efficient transportation network has attracted hundreds of investors who enjoy the seamless transportation of both goods and humans to every part of the country. Another great factor that has attracted more multinationals into the country is the cheaper labor and electricity equals. The low cost of the two makes the country favorable for setting up companies. Various companies have therefore set up their manufacturing plants in the country (Tabbush, 2011). The fact that the country competes with the likes of mainland China in labor and electricity costs makes it a favorable d estination to most of the American multinational companies seeking cheap labor. This way, the country has continuously enjoy infrastructural development and an increasing employment opportunities as the companies provide ready employment. Tourism is the countrys main foreign exchange earner. With such a vibrant tourism industry, the country enjoys sustained influx of foreign currency and an equally large employment opportunity. The world tourism organization rated Mexico as the second most visited country in the world in 2001 coming second to the United States (Cavanagh, 2002). The country has

The Cost of Benefiting From Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

The Cost of Benefiting From Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay ExampleBecause the field is a relatively new effort by business and the effects of their actions are so far reaching, it is necessary to quantify what benefits a company derives from CSR as easily as demonstrate to the public the benefit that society gains from it. The cost of CSR, sometimes met with a negative response, needs to be examined with an understanding that the benefits in some cases whitethorn be mutual and what whitethorn be good for society may also be good for business.Measuring the benefit that CSR has to a company has been conglomerate by the reluctance of business to embrace the concept and provide reasonable reports and audits. A forthcoming report from St. Andrews University contends that less than 4% of the worlds major corporations produce CSR reports, and the results fork out been characterised by Rob Gray, professor from St. Andrews, as, at best useless and at worst highly misleading (qtd. in Edwards, 2006). There are, however, some economic indicators that bed be used when comparing companies that pick out a strong CSR reputation to those that do not. Profits, revenues, customer loyalty, market response, worker safety, and legal liabilities can be examined for the pretend they have on a business. Societal benefits that arise from worker and product safety, a clean environment, and ethical practices are readily apparent. However, more intangible benefits may not be as readily quantified, but may be reflected in transgress company reputation, brand loyalty, and public perception.When measuring CSR as an boilers suit effect on a company, there is some correlation between good company citizenship and lower profitability. Indicators that can be measured indicate an boilers suit negative effect on top CSR companies and their annual net income growth (Laffer, Coors, & Winegarden, 2004, pg. 5). It may be misleading to infer that market leaders also have the most ambit ious CSR programs, for as Laffer, Coors, and Winegarden, 2004, conclude, It is likely, therefore, that the businesses that are inclined to engage in CSR initiatives tend to be those that are already financially successful and that can dedicate the added CSR overhead (pg. 6). Short-term benefits from CSR that are realised by society may take place at the expense of a companys core mission of generating profits.However, when CSR traits are examined on an individual basis, the results may reveal benefits for both the company and society. Worker safety is a paramount consideration for a company with strong CSR traits. The lease of a safe workplace is a mainstay of worker advocates and has, in many cases, been forced upon business through increased regulation. Workers have benefited greatly from these actions as the work environment continues to improve. But has business also reaped rewards from investments in safety Or has safety had a negative effect on profit Alcoa, the worlds large st aluminum producer, made a strong commitment to safety in 1987. Since then its accident rate has fallen by 90% and is 10 times better than its industry peers (Jackson & Nelson, 2004). During this same period, Alcoa has been able to outpace the industry and its nearest competitor, Alcan, in both revenue and profitability. Safety contributes to profitability through a

The Theory of Utilitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Theory of Utilitarianism - Essay ExampleThis paper illustrates that the actions of Cooper meet utilitarianism by the fact that the outcome of his actions benefits both(prenominal) himself and others. His liver donation helps the family of those who are in need of the organ and brings joy to that family. Coopers actions also make him and his family happy for the act of saving a nonher(prenominal) persons life through considering their previous experience. Furthermore, everybody who knows him acknowledges his action as the right thing. Our actions according to utilitarianism should emulate Coopers in ensuring benefits to the majority and not a single individualistic. In our daily actions and decision, we should consider benefits to others and not personal gains. Cooper does this and goes far enough to ensure that he saves the life an anonymous individual and feel right while risking his own. However, act like that of Cooper is too extreme in risking personal life while there are some(prenominal) other options that can benefit the majority. Cooper and his family passed through fear of all the risks before and during the surgery.

Discuss the impact of fear and anger (in patients) when caring for Essay

Discuss the impact of fear and anger (in patients) when caring for clients in the health care setting - render ExampleAnger is a HEALTHY EMOTION. It is a WARNING SIGNAL that something is wrong (Middelton-Moz, Ph.D., 2009) dismay and anger even though are common in most of the living things and also in normal cases it may not create much harm to the person who was afraid of something or feeling fierce at something, its effect is not the same as far as patients are concerned. Fear and angry can complicate the conditions of a patient because of the psychological and physiological changes it can develop among the patients. Patients irrespective of their nature of disease definitely need a peaceful mind for the speedy recovery from the disease. Fear and anger can worsen the conditions of a patient.Frustrations can creep up among the minds of the patients because of their inability to lead a normal life which they may demonstrate in the form of fear or anger. Nurses who are taking care of the patients often confused with, how to deal with such patients in order to settle them and to regain their missed mental balances or psychological equilibriums. Fear of not being in control, fear of uncertainty and the unknown, fear of pain and change, fear of not being equal to meet your obligations to family and job. Fears can mask themselves in anger and hostility, which is often directed at those youre closest to, as well as doctors, nurses, and technicians (Schimmel, 2009) Dry Mouth, Heart Palpitations, Numbness, Heightened Senses, Breathlessness, feel Dizzy, Muscle Tension, Hyperventilation etc are the most visible symptoms of fear and anger (Duffey, 2009)First and the foremost thing the nurses must concentrate in dealing with such emotionally distracted patients are to develop strategies to regain the patients normal mental condition. Nurses must know that medications alone may not yield coke% recovery of such patients and psychological approaches also required to

Justice, Ethics and Law - critical evaluation of one of the three Essay

Justice, Ethics and Law - critical evaluation of one of the three topics below - Essay ExampleThey insist that the idea of either people possessing certain rights by virtue of their kindity, even in the absence of legislation, is baseless and only loose talk.2The ambiguity regarding the credibility of human rights dates back to the eighteenth century shortly after US Declaration of Independence in 1776, and thirteen years ahead, the French declaration of the rights of man. The US Declaration state that every man is endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights while the French Declaration asserted men are born and stick around free and equal in rights. Not long afterwards, Jeremy Bentham, in his writings between 1791 and 1792,3 differed with the concept of human rights and called for its dismissal. Bentham claimed that the idea of human rights was borrowed from the Americans and was not practical. Even today, in that respect is still widespread disagreement on issues relating to human rights. Most critics maintain that human rights lack coherence, cogency and legitimacy while some still smirch out grey areas such as social and economic rights.4Amartya Sen5 proposes several guidelines for the elements of a human rights theory that adequately address the issue of legitimacy of human rights. I allow consider these six guidelines as conclusions to arguments which he bases on one or more premises explained under each subheading. The paper will analyse each of these conclusions and their supporting premises and critically assess their legitimacy and any alternative suggestions.Sen claims that human rights are primarily ethical demands rather than well-grounded commands.6 He makes this conclusion based on two premises. First, even though human rights have often resulted in legislation, it is considered a further fact, as oppose to a characteristic of human rights. Second, Sen states that human rights are agreements on certain ethical affirmations a nd the

Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics - Research Paper ExampleIn other words, 1% of peck in America controls more than 1/5 th of the total income generate in America. This is a striking fact. The author argues that economic inequality is not all slightly how a lot you make its about how much you have (Rampell). For example, it is quite possible that an number American makes substantial capital from his profession or business. However it is not necessary that the amount he makes may be sufficient enough for his expenditure if he may have more family members. In other words, an American who has only 3 members in his family and another one who have 5 or 6 members in his family cannot be considered equally with respect to economic equality, even if they earn same income. The followi9ng map illustrates this argument clearer. (Rampell) From the above chart, it is clear that even though the top 1 percent of earners receive about a fifth of all American income they hold in about a third of American wealth. In other words, the income received and the income controlled by the top 1% is unequal. In fact the top 1% controls more wealth than the actual wealth they received or earned. From the above fact, it is clear that the richest slew in America are able to save more than what the average Americans save. The recent recession underlined the above fact. Richest people in America succeeded in escaping from the recent recession without causing many damages to their economic interests whereas the average American suffered a lot because of the recession. In other words, the savings of the average Americans were not adequate enough to meet any unexpected economic catastrophes. Highest earning Americans save more whereas the lowest earning Americans save less. In other words, as time passes, more and more wealth will be controlled by the highest earning people compared to the lowest earning people which is the major reason for economic inequality in America. Along with the increasing economic po wer, the bargaining power and the influences of the rich people may also increase. In other words, more of the shares of the governmental subsidies, relief packages, rebates etc will come in the hands of the rich people rather than going into the hands of the poor people. For example, electric chair Obama has recently huge excitant packages to help the people to come out from the economic crisis. However, majority of the shares of these stimulus packages went in the hands of the highest earning people. Wolf (2009) has pointed out that the stimulus plan will strengthen the economy by creating millions of good-paying jobs deliver tax relief for 95% of workers and invest in Americas future by fixing our communities roads and bridges, improving our childrens education and making America more energy independent (Wolf). However, as per the statistics available, it is quite clear that these stimulus plans failed to generate much impact in the lives of ordinary people. When Obama proposed the 700 billion bailout package to the struggling industries in America, many people have raised their eyebrows. Major share of this huge money was gone into the hands of the private business men. In other words, Obama collected the money from the taxpayers pocket and distributed it to the private businessmen. In other words, the rich people became major beneficiaries of these stimulus packages also. Under the above circumstances, Rampell

Mathematics of infinite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mathematics of infinite - Essay Exampletophus passed along a dramatic path, with a history worth reminiscing and value worth appreciating. Introduction Calculus, is a branch of mathematics that deals with rates of changes of quantities, area, volume, length and motion of objects. It is also called analysis, truly analysis or infinitesimal analysis. Calculus is divided into two branches differential calculus -concerned with derivatives and the integral calculus- that deal with integrals (Calculus 2013). The invention of Calculus is basically accredited to Sir Isaac atomic number 7 (1642-1727) and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716). newton and Leibnizs breakthrough in mathematics had triggered a lot of debates and arguments from their successors which somehow contributed to the total development of the modern calculus that is existent today. The Birth Calculus by Newton and Leibniz It is amazing to note that Newton and Leibniz ascertained the concepts of calculus independently in separate periods of time, in years 1665 and 1673 respectively. Newton first discovered the subject although Leibniz was the first to publish his works in 1684. Leibniz uses symbols and notations and developed formulas obeying certain rules that transformed the theoretical methods of calculus. Leibnizs study of the relationships of sequences of sums and differences has contributed greatly in concrete conundrum solving making it the essence of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. He also established the harmonic triplicity forming sequences of sums and differences. Leibniz another major contribution is the predilection of characteristic triangle where a triangle with a curve running along it has infinitesimal sides at every point of the curve (Leibnizs Fundamental Theorem of Calculus n.d 133-136). Newton established calculus based on three methods which are the infinitesimal, method of magnetic fluxs and the ultimate ratios. He also introduced moments of fluxions, as the amount o f increase of a fluxion in an infinitely small period of time. The ultimate ratios is his attempt to lay the foundation of calculus with the concept of limits (The Calculus of Leibniz and Newton n.d). Newton uses fluxion and placid instead of derivative and integral. He uses infinitesimals for computations and provided more than concepts about differentiation. Newton and Leibniz were not the first mathematicians that made the evolution of calculus possible. They were the first to define algorithmic processes and to influence general notations. They formulated the inverse relationship of integration and differentiation in the most logical manner. Their ideas though individually and independently discovered by apiece one but resulted to be very related has made calculus to stand on firm foundations of knowledge which until now has been used and applied. As a general statement Newtons legacy is more about the sorts of scientific problems that calculus has considered during the past three to four centuries, while Leibniz legacy is more about the way such problem are studied (Burton n.d) Gray Period Berkeleys Criticism Newton and Leibniz profound usage of infinitesimals has disturbed some(prenominal) mathematicians succeeding them. Lord Bishop Berkeley is one of those who hurled stinging and serious criticisms to this idea. In his book, The Analyst, he exposed his judgment about the validity of calculus comparing it with religion. He derided the idea of

Microeconomics of green jobs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Microeconomics of green put-ons - Research Paper ExampleMoreover, it should be help in conserving the environment and promoting the health and well-being of everyone.In order to impact on the economic activity, green job indemnity should be carefully thought. No political or unnecessary rhetoric should be used to hinder the capital punishment of viable green job policies. Hence, as the article illustrates, a job should be considered as green in case it can contribute to job creation and economic activity by either substituting labor for capital or substituting capital for labor (Furchtgott-Roth, 2012). By doing this, it will be much easier to introduce an activity which benefits the country. For instance, the use of hybrid vehicle system can be of many benefits because it can help in creating more jobs to the drivers and expire monitors.Therefore, for a green job to be in a position of improving economic efficiency, the policy makers should be quite thoughtful in their decisions. Meaning, they should checker that more work is produced through focusing on how the policy can be able to breakdown all the barriers to energy efficiency that can be relied upon to stimulate economic prosperity by making a good use of money which would otherwise be wasted.Based on the above discussion, I would like to begin by concurring that green job is a wise initiative. It has lots of benefits to the society. In this regard, I recommend that the policy makers should not lift politics into the formulation of such policies. Instead, they should come up with policies that encourage the use of new technologies and can help in conserving the environment. Such policies should greatly impact on job creation cater for the health and well-being of all the citizens and create room for future growth (Furchtgott-Roth, 2012).In addition, I would like to recommend that the policy makers should give priority to long-term projects which can benefit the society for a long time. This implies t hat the green job project chosen should

Confronting Stereotypes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Confronting Stereotypes - Assignment ExampleBy assigning characteristics to large groups, it aid humans in simplifying, organizing, and predicting the society they function. As a result, there is decreased the need to process new information that would distinguish people by one-on-one traits. Sociologist Charles Hurst believes that stereotypes (are) the lack of personal, a concrete familiarity that individuals have with persons in other racial or ethnic groups. Lack of familiarity encourages the lumping together of unknown individuals (Hurst 6). Whatever the theory, its heart-to-heart that stereotypes present a problem for society as they inhibit integration and function in large part to maintain a social caste system where upward mobility faces resistance. One can just view the cases of the maquilas workers on the Mexico Florida border and the gender stereotypes they endured when attempting to receive fair and equitable wages and positions. Stereotypes are in direct opposition to our right as human beings to the pursuit of happiness and personal betterment. Begin by writing in black marker on the poster board one of the stereotypes you identified the day before as particularly relevant. For example, Women Should Be Mothers and Men Should Work. Ask the students what it means to be a fair sex and if they believe they should be allowed to hold careers. Write their responses down. Then ask the students what it means to be a man and then record the responses under a assorted column. At this point, you should circle the responses under the woman category and circle the responses under the man category. There should be some overlapping responses and you should draw a cable television or circle chart that illustrates these. The journal activity can be used to prompt the upcoming classroom discussion, but should also tacitly leads students to interiorise the negative effects of stereotypes and the way they have been unconsciously influenced to accept them as f acts.

End User Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

End User - Term Paper ExampleThe staff looks to the manager for direction in all aspects of the business. The staff is the finish up user in any new technology or programs enforced in the business. The staffs understanding of new technology or programs implemented depends heavily on the direction of the manager. The responsibility of a manager exemplified in the final outcome of end user information governing bodys is through implementing a system of successful learning. End User Satisfaction (EUS) is critical to successful information systems implementation (Au, Ngai, Cheng 2008) In several studies there has been a proven decline in performance and quality of work when new information systems are implemented. This is due to end users having to learn a new system yet produce if not more the same amount of work. The time and training for learning a system can become costly. To responsibly put this new system into heart a manager should first consider before purchasing the system w hats the ratio of user control to the controlling of the user. In other lyric poem better user control would be more adaptable in the end user learning the system than the system controlling the user. The systems are ordinarily developed by designers who dont know the specific needs of the user. So user control is very important.

The five forces model is used for assessing the attractiveness of Essay

The five forces model is used for assessing the attractiveness of manufacturing sector. Evaluate the key actors that need to be considered when devising a assessment of the current industrial environment - Essay ExampleWhen the number of players in a market increases, revenues will be shared among competitors and consequently profitability of individual firms will decrease. According to this concept, an industrial sector in which entry barriers are high and exit barriers are down(p) is considered to be electric potential for investment (Kotler, 2009, p.226).Availability of counterchanges increases the tendency of customers to switch their demand to alterative products or services. To illustrate, coffee is a conclude substitute for tea. While analysing the threat of substitutes in an industry, the vendor must also consider a number of factors such as buyers inclination to substitute, prices of substitutes, switching costs, and availability of substitutes. An industry having f ew close substitutes is recommended to be the most attractive segment.Buyer power indicates the customer ability to influence marketers and it mainly depends on buyer volume, availability of substitutes, and degree of market competition. An industry with low buyer power is potential for business operations.Likewise, supplier power reflects the ability of suppliers to put the organisation under pressure. When there are few substitute products/services and supplying firms, supplier power over the marketer is relatively high. Such an industrial environment would not be beneficial for a business.This factor plays a pivotal role in determining the competitiveness of an industry in majority of the cases. An industrial sector where the intensity of competitive rivalry is low is the most potential for making an investment.This model is widely used for micro-environment analysis of industries since its development. For instance, it can be effectively applied to assess the potentiality of air lines industry in order for making a decision regarding whether or not to

The Causes of Occupational Stress and Its Effects on Overall Dissertation

The Causes of Occupational Stress and Its Effects on Overall Performance within rock oil and Gas Industry - Dissertation ExampleStress can be described as a reaction or feeling that an individual experiences. The examples of body of work sampleor include being overworked and time pressures. It is a condition or difficult situation that disturb or is expected to upset the normal physiological process of an individual. It is the response of a body which is harmful in nature that tends to disturb its physiological equilibrium (Cooper & Et. Al., 2010). Response Based StressResponse based puree is the form of strain, pressure and tension. The approach of response based emphasise is to understand stress which appears to describe an intangible happening hence it can be analysed as outcome. In research terms, it can be explained as dependant variable, where the major hypothetical field is the sign of stress (Cooper & Et. Al., 2010). . Occupational StressThere is a negative upsetting e xperience within an individual in a workplace which is complex as well as dynamic process and forthwith or indirectly affects the physiological factors of individuals such as gastrointestinal disorders, mental trauma, musculoskeletal pain and cardiovascular diseases. It is risky to work in a nerve-wracking environment as it may be physiologicly harmful which is called as symptom for psychological distress (Clarke & Cooper, 2004). According to National Institute of Occupational precaution and Health, the number of cumulative trauma of the US employees has increased and there were large number of personal injuries in the United Kingdom. The cumulative trauma mentally affects a person due to continuous exposure to occupational stress (Clarke & Cooper, 2004). A various number of studies in the earlier days have shown that occupational stress has been considered as the prime risky aspect for mental illness among the workers in an occupation. It has been analysed by Stansfeld and Cand y that combining high demands with low decision latitude along with high efforts with low rewards were eventually a factor which causes mental disorders (Stansfeld & Candy, 2006). Causes The cause of stress depends upon structure of the workplace and type of job that an individual does in an organisation. The stress is caused due to following reasons Demand The demand factor is the main cause for stress it depends upon workload of an individual. The work can expose an individual to different physical risks such as fire, noise, chemicals and others. Control An individual gets involved in making decision and influences others in a workplace. Relationship The bad relationship with team members,

How to plan and provide environments and services support children Essay Example for Free

How to plan and provide environments and go support children EssayDescribe the factors to take into account when plan wellnessy and safe indoor and outdoor environments and services All staff has a duty of c be for children and apiece other inwardly the setting. It is important that everybody is aw atomic number 18 of government legislation regarding the inculcates wellness and base hit policy in regards to likely put on the lines and hazards and what should happen if an hazard occurs. As health and safety is primarily common sense it becomes second nature when working with children to abide by the Health and Safety policy. When working within a school staff should always make sure that areas are fit to purpose preceding to whatsoever learning or play activities this could mean doing a risk assessment to ensure areas are safe and wanton from any potential risks. If a risk is spotted it should be reported immediately or logged for attention. The factors to take int o account areEvery child is an individual and progresses at different rates and each child has different needs which depend on their age and ability. When we plan activities we should think about ways in which way we can keep every(prenominal) children active and the layout of the room and the needs of the child if you build a baby in the room you would not allow toddlers to be rill round. Also if children wanted to ride bikes this should be make outside with more space and under supervision. Some children whitethorn have more specific needs than other children if they are have a sensory impairment provisions should be put in place so the child go forth enjoy mainstream school as much as the next child. An adult could also have specific needs where a risk assessment may need to be done at some time like if the person is pregnant or impaired in some way. Individual support may be offered to families/carers that have different needs to others. When working with children we shoul d always be aware of our environment as we would not allow a child to run around the classroom with scissors, if this did happen we would explain or ask the child why this is a dangerous thing to do. In any school yard there should be separate sides of the yard were say football is played rather than all the children playing in line of the ball as this may cause injury. condone how health and safety is monitored and maintained and how people inthe work setting are made aware of risks and hazards and encouraged to work safely Within school settings health and safety is monitored and maintained by the schools policies and procedures these are implemented by a governing body then must(prenominal) be carried out to the letter. Anybody running a place where members of public visit must have a duty of care and not let people be exposed to hazards that may cause illness or harm them. Visitors must follow the set guidelines to ensure the safety and well creation of all children within th e setting. Children who are being collected must be collected by a person known by the teacher unless prior in course of actionation given, if a child requires treat then this will be left in the office with a consent form received from the parents. Within school if a accident / incident happens then it is recorded and parents are informed of the childs injury i.e. bumped head letter. Within schools there will always be a first-year aider available to deal with an injury. Confidentiality policy is always kept within school the only time confidentiality should be broken is when neglect or a form of abuse is suspected and the relevant authorities need to know. Risk assessments are carried out daily by teachers and all staff to ensure no potential risks or hazards. If anything is found it must be recorded and reported immediately relevant staff must be notified.Identify sources of current guidance for planning healthy and safe environments and services All settings should have copie s of the latest legislation as recorded in 1.4 they will also have their own policies and procedures. on that point is also a lot of information to be found on the internet Health and safety executiveChild accident prevention placeDepartment for educationExplain how current health and safety legislation, policies and procedures are implemented in own work setting When working with schools we have a healthy responsibility to ensure the safety of all children and fellow colleagues as they are entrusted in our care listed below are the main policies Policies and procedures regarding Health and Safety at Work are given to all staff including volunteers on the first day of employmentwithin the setting this is based on the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. The main responsibilities of this act are that all buildings should be maintained to a high standard, designed with safety in mind. The environment should always be clean and tidy all equipment should be stored away safely. As is smashing practice working practice should promote the health and safety of children. These acts also provides protection for employees by the workplace being a safe place and not pose a risk to employees health as stated in COSHH all hazardous substances and cleaning equipment stored away safely. Training should be provided for all employees on health and safety. PPE clothing should be provided free of charge. Certain injuries, diseases and incidents should be reported immediately to the Health and Safety Executive.First aid facilities and a first aider should be accessible at all times, within each setting there will be a safety representative who can be consulted regarding issues which may affect health and safety. Finally the legal duties of all employees must be responsible to take care of their own health and safety and that of others affected by their actions. All employees must cooperate with the health and safety at work act. This will be kept in the office and available to all. Fire precaution act 1971 and regulations The fervor authority will issue a fire certificate when happy that all correct procedures are in place .They also check the fire equipment and correct fire escapes and routes of departure COSHH (control of substances hazardous to health) this is monitored and maintained within schools by ensuring all chemicals and cleaning equipment is locked away in a cupboard away from all children. All chemicals must be clearly marked. RIDDOR 1995 (Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrence Regulations )this is a legal duty to explain work related deaths, any major incidents or injuries, work related diseases and dangerous occurrence. When channelizeing children or equipment always promote good practice. The Childcare Act 2006 this sets out the statutory framework for health and safety within all settings including that of the EYFS their standards are monitored by Ofsted.Product safety marking these must be (PAT tested) regularly and they will hold the kite mark to say they have been tested. Toys must carry a CE showing that the product meets European standards. Motor vehicles regulations 2006 seat belts must be worn at all times and booster lay provided for children under a certain height (135cm). Smoking ban 2007 EYFSthis includes a legal requirement to ensure all children are in a rat free zone. The manual handling operations regulation act 1992Employers must ensure that correct guidelines are followed when lifting pupils or equipment. Hygiene legislation 2006This covers the safe supply and storage of food .All kitchen staff must hold a current food hygiene certificate .There must be posters displayed within the kitchen reminding staff of good practice i.e. different coloured chopping boards and how food is stored correctly. The early years foundation stage (EYFS)Statutory framework for eyfs 2008 ensuring all aspects of welfare for children is covered ,this includes safeguarding ,suitable people ,suitable premise and equipment .There must be correct documentation within the organisation. Other procedures which are in place to safeguard children are Safety fence and locked gates disallowing children to precede when in outdoors areas. All doors which provide entry and access are locked and door handles unobtainable to children. All visitors must sign in and wear a badge if there for a while must be notified about health and safety. Children must be picked up by the named person unless by prior arrangement. Confidentiality maintained at all times unless abuse is suspected. Admissions where no child can be looked on more favourably than another. Accident/incident must be recorded if a child has a bump or injury then this must be sent home to parents explaining what happened if a major incident must be forwarded to relevant people. Taking of medicines they must be stored correctly parents must sign a consent form to say what the medicine is and how much and when their child is allowed it . Within the setting there will be a notice in the staff room of which child is asthmatic or allergic to food or other things so each staff member can see.

A Reaction on Aliens’ Ownership Right of Real Property in the Philippines Essay Example for Free

A reception on Aliens Ownership Right of Real Property in the Philippines EssayA Re playion on Aliens Ownership Right of Real Property in the PhilippinesAng Pilipinas ay para sa mga Pilipino. (The Philippines is for the Filipinos)Does it sound patriotic or nationalistic? Or does it pertain to selfish motives or mercenary actions?It is a fact that many aliens have been invading to the Philippines. Yes, they be aliens the non-Philippine nationals or foreigners. Most of them are fascinated and attracted to the beautiful sceneries around the Philippine archipelago. Others in any case pursue their business careers in the country, they are the investors, and the business oriented people who wish to put up their capitals and trade whether in a form of furbish up proprietorship, partnership or corporation. The aliens are granted the right to acquire a land or real property (immovable property) provided that they will consider the provisions down the stairs the Philippine Anti-Dummy Law the limitations on certain economic activity including the enjoyment of rights. In line with the Condominium Act of the Philippines, Republic Act 4726, the aliens are granted the right to completely own a condominium unit but when it comes to project, the corporation must be composed of only 40%foreign investors. On the other hand, under the Investors Lease Act of the Philippines, foreign nationals or corporation may enter into lease agreement with Filipino landowners for an initial spot of fifty years and a renewable extension of 25 years.As we try to comprehend to the law, it is really pro-Filipino. We noticed that the there are only 40% foreign investors or the stockholders and the 60% come from Filipinos. Its also obvious that the aliens are prohibited to completely possess lands which are really in unity to Article XII, Section 7 of the Philippine Constitution.Talking about the 40% foreign capitalists and investors, the Philippinegovernment stern gain taxes from them wh ich in turn terminate be used to accommodate common good for the Filipinos.The issue on Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) or prominently called pork lay barges in. That huge amount of money came from the taxpayers, both the Philippine nationals and non-Philippine nationals. But due to institutionalized corruption, the money which is intended for the people in the society are cosmos stole by some of the national officials. This is another dilemma that the Philippine government should take into consideration and action.Back to the issue on aliens, the mediocre are skeptical whether the foreigners are given the right to fully own resources in the country or not. This is to clarify that they are not given the full place they are just given the opportunity to get into the business world which in turn both the aliens the Filipinos can gain something. It does not mean that though they have been advancing to the country, they steal whats ours. There are laws for them to follow , thus, theres no way for us to worry.The law has been already promulgated. All we can do is to deal with it, just no racial deviation, just focus for the common good of all Filipinos.The aliens are striving for their benefits, the same way should we act for ourselves. Lets do our part and adhere to our virtues as we keep burning the Filipino spirit

Emerging Trends in E-Commerce Essay Example for Free

Emerging Trends in E-Commerce Essay1. Micro-payments Among the most revolutionary changes in the coming monthsnot yearsis the use of micro-payment systems from a variety of fiscal firms, e.g., Paypal, Visa, WesternUnion, among others, including banks. This trend is help oneselfd by the W3C working group that approved these protocols and technical standards for the interworking. These systems ordain change not only how we carry silver but how we value money and think about purchases. (Consider how a purchase of $4.99 feels in a mobile app store vs. at Dunkin Donuts.) Payment systems that make it easier to vitiate online, coupled with mobile technologies will accelerate the usage of global e-commerce applications.2. Mobile technologies More people access the Internet on their mobile devices than on any other device. We are chop-chop approaching the time (if we are not already there) where designs must be created for the mobile Web first, and for the desktop second. Mobile t echnologies facilitate comparison shopping with the approaching of barcode reader apps and price-comparison databases, a consumer could snap a bar code in Walmart and quickly reference product reviews and prices on walmart.com (or compare prices with Walmart competitors). Mobile technologies also facilitate impulse buys especially with the advent of micro-payments tied to the mobile device. Just recently, Starbucks customers can not only place an order with their Smartphone, but also make a purchase.3. Social media As Facebook has become the most visited site on the Web, the role of social media, including Facebook and its local clones such as Twitter, is progressively important. Social media sites increasingly turn of events as points of entry to e-commerce sites, and vice versa, as e-commerce sites build rating, loyalty and referral systems tied to social media. Group buying (e.g., Groupon) is also gaining mainstream ground, with many deal of the day sites competing for an in creasingly savvy consumer base, but improvements lie ahead as the social aspects and user experience are refined.4. Fulfillment options I believe that users will hope to redeem multiple fulfillments and return options when interacting with a vendor ship to address, courier, pick-up in store, return to store, etc. Having many fulfillment options is how customers view their overall customer experience. Some companies lease made a business proposition online by being exceptional in service to the online channel (e.g., Zappos).5. Global availability Increasingly, consumers want the availability to buy products from foreign sites and have them delivered locally. Thus, currency and customs will be of growing concern to many online retailers. Along with this, there will be concerns with local hiding laws and restrictions on related data collection and storage.6. Localization While the trend is to globalize, whats often more important is to localize. User Centrics look clearly shows that sites that feel local with proper imagery, language, time/date, weights/measures, currency, etc. resonate far more than sites that seem culturally distant or sterile.7. Customizability Consumers want control, and want to be able to design the details of the items they purchase.8. Time-based availability Some of the hottest and most successful sites are those that have a time-critical response component. Sites like Groupon, Gilt and others profit on the perception of limited-time availability. Creating a sense of urgency drives traffic and purchase behavior.

OLAP Multidimensional Database Concept

OLAP Multidimensional informationbase opinionCHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 INTRODUCTIONThis chapter is designed to provide background information and reviewing the characteristics of information store, OLAP 4-dimensional entropybase Concept, info tap instance and the application of information mining. Within this research, the concept, design and implementation approaches in developing a complete entropy w arho white plague engine room theoretical account for deploying a supremacyful model with the integration of OLAP Multidimensional Database and selective information mining model. voice 2.2 discussed about the fundamental of selective information w atomic number 18house, entropy w arhouse model and likewise the Extract, Transform and Loading (ETL) of raw informationbase to selective information storage store. It includes research and study on existing data w arehouse models authored by William Inmon, Ralph Kimb in every last(predicate) and non-homogeneous scholars venturing into data storage store models. Section 2.3 introduces background information of OLAP. It includes the studies and research on various OLAP models, OLAP computer architecture and concept on handleing multidimensional databases, multidimensional database schemas design and implementation in this research. It includes studies and research on schema design and implementation. Section 2.4 introduces fundamental information of data mining. It includes studies and research on the available techniques, method and process for OLAP Data Mining. Section 2.5 discussed the product comparisons for data warehouse, data mining and OLAP by Mitch Kramer. It includes the reason why Microsoft is used to design and implement the new proposed model.In this literature review, introduction to the relationships mingled with data warehouse, OLAP multidimensional database and data mining model for deploying four experimental applications for benchmarking. This research also proves th at the new proposed model data warehouse technology framework is ready to transmute any type of raw data into useful information. It will also help us to review the new proposed model of apiece existing data warehouse OLAP Multidimensional database framework.2.2 DATA WAREHOUSEAccording to William Inmon (1999), cognize as the Father of Data Warehousing, data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, and non-volatile collection of data in support of the managements decision-making process. Data warehouse is a database containing data that usually represents the production line history of an administration. This historical data is used for analysis that supports muckleiness decisions at umpteen levels, from strategic planning to performance evaluation of a discrete organisational unit.Data store is a type of database carcass aimed at strong integration of in operation(p) databases into an environment that enables strategic use of data (G. Zhou et al., 1995 ). These technologies include relational and multidimensional database management systems, client/ master of ceremonies architecture, meta-data modelling and repositories, graphical user interface and much more (J. Hammer et al., 1995 V. Harinarayan et al., 1996).Data warehouse currently are much a subject of researched is non only vulgarly used in business or finance sector but can buoy be applied appropriately in various sectors. Data warehouse are designed for analyzing or processing of data into useful information using data mining tools for lively decision-making. Data warehouse provides access to difficult environments of an enterprise dataIn these literature studies, two authorised authors are identified as the main contributors and co-founder in the part of Data warehouse, William Inmon (1999 2005) and Ralph Kimball (1996, 2000). Both author perceptions on data warehouse design and architecture differ from unity another. According to Inmon (1996), data warehouse is a dependent data mart structure, whereas Kimball (1999) moldd data warehouse as a bus structure which is a combination of data mart populated together as a data warehouse. put over 2.1 discussed the differences in data warehouse ideology between William Inmon and Ralph Kimball.Table 2.1 William Inmon and Ralph Kimball Data Warehouse DifferencesWilliam InmonRalph KimballParadigmInmons Paradigm An enterprise has one data warehouse, and data marts source their information from the data warehouse. Information is stored in 3rd normal form.Kimballs Paradigm Data warehouse is the collection of heterogeneous data marts within the enterprise. Information is always stored in the dimensional model.ArchitectureArchitecture Using TOP-DOWN approachArchitecture Using Bottom-up approachConceptDatas integration from various systems to centralized repositoryConcept of dimensional modelling (Bridging between Relational and multidimensional DB) stick outThe design pattern dependent on 3rd normalization form, conception is for data granularity.Datas marts are connected in a bus structure. Datas marts are the union of data warehouse. This approach is cognize also as Virtual Data Warehouse.ETL MethodsDatas extraction from operational data sources. Data are feed in staging database area. Data are then change, integrate, and unify and transfer to Operational Data Store database. Data are then load to data mart.Data extracted from legacy system and then consolidated and support in staging database. Data feed into ODS and more data us added/updated. Operational Data Store contains fresh counterpart data that is integrated and qualifyed to the data mart structure.Data martData Marts are available as a subset of the data warehouse.Data Marts can be placed at divers(prenominal) at disparate servers or in geographical locations.Based on this Data Warehouse literature, both Inmon (2005) and Kimball (2000) have different philosophies, but they do have similar agreement on a self-mad e design and implementation of data warehouse and data marts are mainly depending on the effective collection of operational data and validation of data mart. Both approaches having the same database staging concepts and ETL process of data from a database source. They also have a common understanding that independent data marts or data warehouses cannot fulfil the requirements of end users on an enterprise level for precise, timed and relevant data.2.2.1 DATA WAREHOUSE architectureData warehouse architecture is a wide research area. It has many different sub-areas and it can be treated with different approaches in terms or analysis, design and implementation by different enterprise. In this research studies, the aim is to provide a complete view on data warehouse architecture. dickens important scholars Thilini (2005) and Eckerson (2003) from TDWI will discussed in more details on the topic on data warehouse architecture.According to Eckerson (2003), onwards implementing a supr emacyful business intelligence systems where users can use programs like specialized reporting tools, OLAP tools and data mining tools upfront, a data warehouse architecture model mainly slim down on the database staging process from different integrated OLTP systems is responsible for the ETL to the whole process workable. Thilini (2005) conducted a two stage study survey on investigate which factors whitethorn influence the trainion of data warehouse architecture. In Thilini literature study, there are five data warehouse architectures that are practice today as shown in Table 2.2.Table 2.2 Data Warehouse Architectures (Adapted from Thilini, 2005)Data Warehouse ArchitectureIndependent Data MartsIndependent data marts also known as localized and small sized data warehouses. It is mainly used by departments, divisions or regions of company to provide own operational databases. The data marts are different as the structures are different from different location with in concordant database design which makes it difficult to analyze across the data marts. Thilini (2005) cited the work of Winsberg (1996) and Hoss (2002) that It is common for memorial tabletal units to develop their own data marts. Data marts are best used as a prototype for adhoc data warehouse and as for evaluation forrader building a real data warehouse.Data Mart Bus ArchitectureKimball (1996) pioneered the designed and architecture of data warehouse with unions of data marts which are known as the bus architecture. Bus architecture Data Warehouse is derived from the unions of the data marts which are also known as Virtual Data Warehouse.Bus architecture allows data marts not only located in one server but it can be also being located on different server. This allows the data warehouse to functions more as virtual reality mode and gathered all data marts and process as one data warehouse.hub-and-spoke architectureInmon (2005) developed Hub and Spoke architecture. The hub is the central ser ver taking care of information exchange and the spoke handle data transformation for all regional operation data stores. Hub and Spoke mainly boil downed on building a scalable and maintainable infrastructure for data warehouse.Centralized Data Warehouse ArchitectureCentral data warehouse architecture nearly similar to hub-and-spoke architecture without the dependent data marts. This architecture copies and stores heterogeneous operational and out-of-door data to a single and consistent data warehouse. This architecture has only one data model which are consistent and complete from all data sources.According to Inmon (1999) and Kimball (2000), central data warehouse should have Database staging or known as Operational Data Store as an intermediate full point for operational processing of data integration before transform into the data warehouse.Federated ArchitectureAccording to Hackney (2000), Federated Data Warehouse is a integration of multiple heterogeneous data marts, datab ase staging or Operational data store, combination of analytical application and reporting systems. The concept of federated focus on framework of integration to make data warehouse as greatest as possible. Jindal (2004) conclude that federated data warehouse approach are a practical approach for a data warehouse architecture as it is focus on higher reliability and provide excellent evaluate if it is well defined, documented and integrated business rules.Thilini (2005) conclude that hub and spoke and centralized data warehouse architectures are similar and the survey scores are al more or less the same. Hub and spoke is faster and easier to implement because no data mart are required. For centralized data warehouse architecture scored higher than hub and spoke as for spur needs for relatively fast implementation approach.A data warehouse is a read-only data source where end-users are not allow to change the determine or data elements. Inmons (1999) data warehouse architecture st rategy are different from Kimballs (1996). Inmons data warehouse model splits data marts as a copy and distributed as an interface between data warehouse and end users. Kimballs views data warehouse as a unions of data marts. The data warehouse is the collections of data marts harmonize into one central repository. plat 2.1 illustrates the differences between Inmons and Kimballs data warehouse architecture adapted from Mailvaganam, H. (2007)Diagram 2.1 Inmons and Kimballs Data Warehouse Architecture (adapted from Mailvaganam, 2007)In this work, it is very important to identify which data warehouse architecture that is robust and scalable in terms of building and deploying enterprise wide systems. According to Laney (2000) and Watson, H. (2005), it is important to understand and select the appropriate data warehouse architecture and the success of the various architectures acclaimed by Watson. Analysis of this research proved that the most popular data warehouse architecture is hub- and-spoke proposed by Inmon as it is a centralized data warehouse with dependant data marts and second is the data mart bus architecture with dimensional data marts proposed by Kimball. The selection of the new proposed model will use the combination data warehouse architecture of hub-and-spoke and data mart bus architecture as the new proposed model data warehouse architecture are designed with centralized data warehouse and with data marts that can are used for multidimensional database modelling.2.2.2 DATA WAREHOUSE EXTRACT, TRANSFORM, LOADINGData warehouse architecture begins with extract, transform, fill (ETL) process to vouch the data passes the quality threshold. According to Evin (2001), it is prerequisite that right data are important and critical for the success on an enterprise. ETL are an important tool in data warehouse environment to ensure data in the data warehouse are cleansed from various systems and locations. ETLs are also responsible for running scheduled tas ks that extract data from OLTPs. Typically, a data warehouse is populated with historical information from within a particular organization (Bunger, C. J et al., 2001). The complete process descriptions of ETL are discussed in table 2.3.Table 2.3 Extract, Transform, and Load Process in Data Warehouse architectureProcessDescriptionsExtractExtract are the first process which involve in contemptible data from operational databases into database staging area or operational data store before populating into the data warehouse. In this stage, operational databases data need to be examined by extracting into the staging area for handling exceptions and fix all errors before it enters into data warehouse as this will save lots of time when loading into the data warehouse.TransformIn completion of data extraction in database staging area, it is then transform to ensure data integrity within the data warehouse. Transformation of data can be done in several methods such as filed mapping and a lgorithm comparisons.LoadAfter extract and transform of data, it is finally loaded into data warehouse (in Inmons model) or into data marts (in Kimballs model). Data loaded into data warehouse are quality data after the process of extraction where erroneous data are removed and data are transform to ensure integrity of the data.Calvanese, D. et al. (2001) highlight an enterprise data warehouse database tables whitethorn be populated with a wide variety of data sources from different locations and often including data providing information concerning a competitor business. Collecting all the different data and storing it in one central location is an extremely gainsay task where ETL can make it possible. ETL process as depicts in Diagram 2.2 begins with data extract from operational databases where data cleansing and scrubbing are done, to ensure all datas are validated. Then it is transformed to meet the data warehouse standards before it is loaded into data warehouse.Diagram 2.2Ex tract, Transport, Load ProcessG. Zhou et al.(1995) emphasise on data integration in data warehousing stress that ETL can assist in import and export of operational data between heterogeneous data sources using OLE-DB (Object linking and embedding database) based architecture where the data are transform to populate all quality data into data warehouse. This is important to ensure that there are no restrictions on the size of the data warehouse with this approach.In Kimball (2000) data warehouse architecture model depict in Diagram 2.3, the model focus in two important modules, the back room exhibit server and the front room. In the back room process, where the data staging swear outs in charge of gathering all source systems operational databases to perform extraction of data from source systems from different file format from different systems and platforms. Second step is to run the transformation process to ensure all inconsistency are removed to ensure data integrity. Finally, it is loaded into data marts. The ETL processes are commonly executed from a job control via scheduling task. The insertion server is the data warehouse where data marts are stored and process here. Data stored in star schema consist of dimension and fact tables. This is where data are then process of in the front room where it is access by query services such as reporting tools, desktop tools, OLAP and data mining tools.Diagram 2.3 Data Warehouse Architecture (adapted from Kimball, 2000)Nicola, M (2000) explains the process of retrieving data from the warehouse can vary greatly depending on the desired results. There are many form of possible retrieval from a data warehouses and it is flexibility that will drive how this retrieving process can be implemented. There are many tools for retrieving the data warehouse, such as building simple query and reporting done SQL subjectments. The tools may expand to OLAP and data mining, where the structure includes many more ordinal party tools. There are many inherent problems associated with data, which includes the limited amount of portability, and the often-vast amount of data that must be sifted through for from each one query.Essentially, ETL are obligatory for data warehouse to ensure data integrity. There are many factors to be considered such as complexness and scalability are among the two major issues that most enterprise faces by integrating information from different sources in order to have a clean and reliable source of data for mission critical business decisions. One way to achieve a scalable, non-complex solution is to adopt a hub-and-spoke architecture for the ETL process. According to Evin (2001), ETL best operates in hub-and-spoke architecture because of its flexibility and efficiency. Because of its centralized data warehouse design, it can influence the maintaining full access control of ETL processes. Also, empowers the usage of analytical and data mining tools by companionship workers.In this study on ETL for effective data warehouse architecture, it is known that Hub-and-spoke is best for data integration as it has the similarity in Inmon and Kimball architecture. The hub is the data warehouse after processing data from operational database to staging database and the spoke(s) are the data marts for distributing data. Inmon and Kimball also recommend same ETL processes to enable hub-and-spoke architecture. Sherman, R (2005) state that hub-and-spoke approach uses one-to-many interfaces from Data warehouse to many data marts. One-to-many are simpler to implement, cost effective in a long run and ensure consistent dimensions. Compared to many-to-many approach it is more complicated and costly.In this work on the new proposed model, hub-and-spoke architecture are use as Central repository service, as many scholars including Inmon, Kimball, Evin, Sherman and Nicola adopt to this data warehouse architecture. This approach allows locating the hub (data warehouse) and spo kes (data marts) centrally and can be distributed across local or wide area network depending on business requirement. In designing the new proposed model, the hub-and-spoke architecture clearly identifies six important data warehouse components that a data warehouse should have, which includes ETL, Staging Database or operational database store, Data marts, multidimensional database, OLAP and data mining end users applications such as Data query, reporting, analysis, statistical tools. However, this process may differ from organization to organization. Depending on the ETL setup, some data warehouse may overwrite old data with new data and in some data warehouse may only maintain history and audit trial of all changes of the data. Diagram 2.4 depicts the concept of the new proposed model data warehouse architecture.Diagram 2.4 New Proposed Model Data Warehouse Architecture2.2.3 DATA WAREHOUSE FAILURE AND SUCCESS FACTORSBuilding a data warehouse is indeed challenging as data warehou se ejection inheriting a unique characteristic that may impact the overall setup if the analysis, design and implementation phase are not properly done. In this research effort, it discusses the studies on failure and success factors in data warehouse project. Section 2.2.3.1 focuses on the investigation on data warehouse project failure and section 2.2.3.2 discuss and investigate mainly on the success factors by implementing the correct model to support a successful data warehouse project implementation.2.2.3.1 DATA WAREHOUSE FAILURE FACTORSHayen, R.L. (2007) studies shows that implementing a data warehouse project is costly and risky as a data warehouse project can cost over $1 million in the first year. It is estimated that one-half ad two-thirds of the effort of setting up the data warehouse projects attempt will fail eventually. Hayen R.L. (2007) citied on the work of Briggs (2002) and noticed three factors for the failure of data warehouse project that is Environment, Project and technical factors as shown in Diagram 2.5 and table 2.4 discussed the factors in more details.Diagram 2.5 Factors for Data Warehouse Failures (adapted from Briggs, 2002)Table 2.4 Factors for Data Warehouse Failures (adapted from Briggs, 2002)FactorsDescriptionsEnvironmentThis leads to organization changes in business, politics, mergers, takeovers and lack of top management support. Also, including human error, corporate culture, decision making and change management.TechnicalTechnical factors of a data warehouse project complexness and workload are taken too lightly where high expenses involving in hardware/software and people. Problems occurred when assigning a Project manager with lack of intimacy and project interpret in data warehouse costing may lead to impediment of quantifying the return on investment (ROI). Also, failure of managing a data warehouse projects also includes Challenge in setting up a competent operational and development team up plus not having a data warehouse manager or expert that is politically sound. Having an extended timeframe for development and delivery of data warehouse system may due to lack of experience and knowledge for selection of data warehouse products and end-user tools.* Failure to manage the scope of data warehouse project.ProjectPoor knowledge on the requirements of data definitions and data quality on different organization business departments. Also, Running a data warehouse projects with incompetent and insufficient knowledge in what technology to use may lead into problems later on data integration, data warehouse model and data warehouse applications.Vassiliadis (2004) studies shows that data warehouse project failures are an great threat and threatened by factors such as design, technical, procedural and socio-technical as illustrated in Diagram 2.6. These factors of failures are vital in finding any undesirable action for success. apiece factor group is described in table 2.5.Diagram 2.6 Factors for Data Warehouse Failures (adapted from Vassiliadis, 2007)Table 2.5 Factors for Data Warehouse Failures (adapted from Vassiliadis, 2007)FactorsDescriptionsDesignDesign factors in data warehouse project can put up with No Standard techniques or design methodologies. A data warehouse project when doing the analysis and design phase may accept ideas on metadata techniques or languages and data engineering techniques. Also, a proprietary solutions and also recommendations from vendors or in-house experts may define the design of the data warehouse blueprint landscape.TechnicalTechnical factors associate to the lack of know-how experience in evaluation and choices of hardware setup for data warehouse systemsProceduralProcedural factors concerning on the imperfection of data warehouse deployment. This factor focuses on training the end-users extensively on the new technology and the design of data warehouse which are completely different than the conventional IT solutions. users communitie s plays a vital role and are crucial in this factor.Socio-TechnicalSocio-technical factors in a data warehouse project may lead into problems on violation of organization modus operandi where the data warehouse systems will lead into restructuring or reorganization on the way organization operates by introducing changes to the user community.According to Vassiliadis (2007) also, another potence factors for the failure of data warehouse projects are the data ownership and access. This is considered vulnerable within the organization and one mustnt share nor acquire someone else data as this is comparable with losing authority on the data ownership and access. Also, restrict any departmental solution or request to own a total ownership of pure clean and error free data as this might cause potential problem on ownership data rights.Watson (2004) stress that the general factors for the failures in data warehouse project success comprises of weak sponsorship and top management support, shortsighted funding and users participation and organizational politic.2.2.3.2 DATA WAREHOUSE SUCCESS FACTORSData Warehouse Failures can lead into disastrous implementation if careful factors or measures are not taken into serious considerations as discussed in section 2.2.3.1 based on Briggs (2002) and Vassiliadis (2004) studies that may lead into data warehouse failures. According to Hwang M.I. (2007), data warehouse implementations are an important area of research and industrial practices but only few researches made an assessment in the critical success factors for data warehouse implementations. No doubt there is procedure for data warehouse design and implementation but only certain guidelines are subjected for experimental testing. So, it is best to settle down and choose the proper data warehouse model for implementation success.In this study on identifying and filling the gap analysis of the data warehouse success factors, a number of success factors are gathered from d ata warehouse scholars and professionals (Watson Haley, 1997 Chen et al., 2000 Wixom Watson, 2001 Watson et al., 2001 Hwang Cappel, 2002 Shin, 2003) to validate their experimental work and research strength individually on various characteristics of data warehouse success. This study beneficial in planning and implementing data warehouse projects and direct into the success of designing and implementing the new proposed model in this research.There are several success factors in designing and implementing data warehouse solutions and the most important success factors depend on the data warehouse model selection, as different organization may have different scope and road maps in the development of data warehouse. The results of building a successful data warehouse are then used to quantify the factors that are used and also prioritize those factors that are beneficial for continued research purpose to improve and enhanced the data warehouse model success.According to Hayen, R.L. (2007), data warehouse is a complex system which can complicate business procedures. The complexity of data warehouse prevents companies from changing data or transaction which are necessary. It is important then to analyze on which data warehouse model to be used for such complex systems that are sound critical to an organization. Hwang M.I. (2007) conducted a study on data warehousing model and success factors as a critical area of practice and research but only a few studies have been accomplish to measure the data warehouse projects and success factors. umteen scholars had conducted a profound research in the area of data warehouse and may have succeeded or failed due to possible reasons based on each scholars outcomes on the research. It is useful inspect a few case studies on a selected companied data warehouse implementation and to experiment the failure and success factors through survey. (Winter, 2001 Watson et al., 2004)Hwang M. I. (2007) conducted a survey study on six d ata warehouse scholars (Watson Haley, 1997 Chen et al., 2000 Wixom Watson, 2001 Watson et al., 2001 Hwang Cappel, 2002 Shin, 2003) on the success factors in a data warehouse project. Each scholar has different success factors that are measures in a project. Table 2.6 shows the mentioned six scholars survey study on data warehouse, Watson (1997) measures data warehouse success factors, Chen et al. (2000), Watson et al. (2001) and Shin (2003) measures data warehouse implementation factors and Hwang (2002) measures through development and management practices. Only Wixom (2001) as shown in diagram 2.7 measures both Data warehouse implementation and success factors which can be used as a model for a successful data warehouse implementation. Study shown in all 6 scholars review, without having data warehouse implementation and success factors, the consequences of any factors on a data warehouse success cannot be validated.Table 2.6 Factors for Data Warehouse Success (adapted from Hwan g M.I., 2007)StudyData Warehouse Success FactorsData Warehouse Implementation FactorsResults ReportedWatson Haley (1997)Focus on user involvement and support by having a clear and understandable business needs. Using methodology and modelling methods in data warehouse by targeting on clean data. Thus, support from speed management to contribute on the success.N/AOrdered list of successChen et al.(2000)N/AFocused on exactness and clearcutness of User satisfaction by Support and realization of end users needs.Support for end users affects user satisfactionWixom Watson (2001)Implementation factors include management support, resources, User participation, team skills, Source systemsaand development technology which contribute to the implementatio