Jim McMahon :: essays research papers

The book that I read was "McMahon" by Jim McMahon. This biography was mostly about Jim McMahon's 1985 football season. McMahon was the quarterback for the Chicago Bears. He started eleven times out of the thirteen games he played in. McMahon emerged as one of the NFL's top quarterbacks while earning his first Pro Bowl appearance. He averaged 64% completion the first five weeks before injury had began at San Francisco on October 17, 1985. He threw a career high 15 touchdown passes. He threw 9 of them in the first four games. McMahon led the team with a 5.4 yard rushing average. He missed three games between November 10 through November 24 with shoulder tendonitis. He didn't start against the Vikings on September 19 due to a stiff neck. He entered the Vikings game in the third quarter and put on one of the best shows of the NFL '85 season, throwing touchdown passes on the first two plays and three in just no and a half quarters to turn a 17-9 deficit into a 33-24 win. M cMahon was named NFC offensive player-of-the-week in the season opener after 23 of 34 for 274 yards, two touchdown effort in 38-28 win over the bucs. He passed for season-high 292 yards at Tampa on October 6. McMahon completed 13 of 19 passes for 160 yards and 3 touchdowns; caught a touchdown pass from Payton and rushed for 36 yards against the Redskins on September 29. He threw 3 touchdown passes in playoffs and scored the first touchdown against the Rams on a 16 yard run. He didn't throw any interceptions in 3 post-season games in 66 attempts. Jim McMahon's Super Bowl performance included 12 of 20 for 256 yards. Jim McMahon had plenty of obstacles that he had to overcome in his 1985 season. One obstacle he had to overcome was his shoulder tendonitis. When he was out for three games. Another obstacle that he had to overcome right before the Super Bowl was a really bad sore on his butt. Pain killers and medicine wouldn't work. So he found a guy that used needles to relieve the pain. He was using that method and it was working, the sore was going away. The team had to leave to go get ready for the Super Bowl so they had to fly him to that town. The head guy said that the person couldn't go on the team plane because he wasn't one of the team trainers.

Report on Pizza Hut Essay

During the past four decades Pizza Hut has built a reputation for excellence that has earned the respect of consumers and industry experts alike. Building a leading pizza company has required relentless innovation, commitment to quality and dedication to customer service and value. The qualities of entrepreneurship, growth and leadership have characterized Pizza Hut’s business through more than four decades of success. Through the strength of its heritage, its culture and its people and franchisees, Pizza Hut looks forward to more success in future. There are different objectives of every organization. In order to achieve these objectives different targets are set. Targets pass down the hierarchy depending on the nature of the business. Therefore, in order to achieve the objectives, management decides on different strategies. These strategies are divided into many sub-parts and are useful for the running of the business. The employees and the management know what they have to achieve through the targets which have been set to them and the strategies they have adopted help them know the way they will achieve the objectives. Similarly, Pizza Hut has different targets set to them and they have adopted different strategies to successfully achieve the targets set. These targets are set by the RSC i. e. the restaurant support centre in Karachi. These targets are passed on to the RGM (restaurant general manager) and he passes them to the workforce. These targets fall within the organizational structure in which there are many people who have different targets to achieve. In order to successfully achieve the targets they need to co-operate and work in a friendly environment. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 4 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut HISTORY OF PIZZA About Pizza, Some will tell you Italy. That’s wrong. What you know as pizza came into vogue around the time of Napoleon and the French revolution. Italians, known to be lovers of fine food and wines perfected and imported this terrific dish to America. From here it quickly endeared itself to mass production and re-export to the rest of the world. Bon appetite! INTRODUCTION & HISTORY OF PIZZA HUT In 1958, Frank and Dan Carney had an idea for a great local pizza restaurant in Wichita Kansas. The small 25 seat restaurant only had room for 9 letters on the sign†¦ the building looked like a hut†¦ so ‘Pizza Hut’ was born! Fifteen years later, we opened the first UK restaurant and since then we’ve become the biggest Pizza Company on the planet, Let see listen Pizza Hut Story from them! †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 1958 Frank and Dan Carney open the first Pizza Hut in Wichita, Kansas. 1972 1000 restaurants are open throughout the USA. 1973 Pizza Hut went international with restaurants in Japan, Canada & England. The first UK Pizza Hut opened in Islington, London. 1977 PepsiCo bought Pizza Hut. 1980 Pan Pizza was introduced. 1982 The UK joint venture started between PepsiCo and Whitbread. 1984 Over 50 restaurants so far in the UK. 1986 By now, there were 100 restaurants in the UK and 5000 worldwide. 1987 An average of one restaurant opened each week in the UK. 1988 The UK’s First Delivery Unit was opened in Kingsbury, London. 1992 There were 9,000 restaurants in 84 countries. 1993 There were 300 restaurants and delivery stores in the UK. 1994 10,000 Pizza Huts were open for business. 1997 PepsiCo decided to focus on their drinks business. As a result, Tricon Global Restaurants was born, creating the largest restaurant brand in the World. Tricon became the partner company with Whitbread. 1999 Pizza Hut had over 400 restaurants, employing 14000 people. 2002 Tricon Global became YUM! Brands Inc. 2006 Whitbread sold their share of the joint venture to Yum! Brands Inc. Pizza Hut UK Ltd was now 100% owned by Yum! 2008 We bought Godfather’s Pizza in Ireland with 28 stores. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 5 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Pizza Hut’s Mission Statement. We take pride in making a perfect pizza and providing courteous and helpful service on time all the time. Every customer says, â€Å"I’ll be back! † We are the employer of choice offering team members opportunities For Growth, Advancement, And Rewarding Careers in a Fun, Safe Working Environment. †¢ P. E. A. R. L. S ? PASSION for excellence in Doing everything ? EXECUTE with positive energy and urgency. ? ACCOUNTABLE for growth in customer satisfaction and profitability. ? RECOGNIZE the achievement of others and have fun doing it. ? LISTEN and more importantly, respond to the voice of the customer. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 6 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut COMPARATIVE STRATEGY: This forced competitors to look for new methods of increasing their customer bases. Many pizza chains decided to diversify and offer new nonpizza items such as Buffalo wings, and Italian cheese bread. The current trend in pizza chains today is the same. They all try to come up with some newer, bigger, better, pizza for a low price. Offering special promotions and new pizza variations are popular today as well. For example, chicken is now a common topping found on pizzas. In the past, Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be first. One of their main strategies that they still follow today is the diversification of the products they offer. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to their menu, trying to reach new markets. For example, in 1992 the famous buffet was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didn’t necessarily want pizza. Another strategy they used in the past and are still using is the diversification of their pizzas. Pizza Hut is always trying to come up with some innovative way to make a pizza into something slightly different different enough that customers will think it’s a whole new product. For example, let’s look at some of the pizzas Pizza Hut has marketed in the past. In 1983, Pizza Hut introduced their Pan Pizza, which had a guarantee of being ready to eat in 5 minutes when dining at Pizza Hut restaurants. In 1993, they introduced the â€Å"Bigfoot,† which was two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices. In 1995, they introduced â€Å"Stuffed Crust Pizza,† where the crust would be filled with cheese. In 1997, they marketed â€Å"The Edge,† which had cheese and toppings all the way to the edge of the pizza. Currently, they are marketing â€Å"The Big New Yorker,† trying to bring the famous New York style pizza to the whole country. Lastly, Pizza Hut has always valued customer service and satisfaction. In 1995, Pizza Hut began two customer satisfaction programs: a UAN (in USA 1-800) number customer hotline and a customer call-back program. These were implemented to make sure their customers were happy, and always wanted to return. In our plan, we will first give a situation analysis of current and relevant environmental conditions that affect our plan. Next, we will give a brief analysis of the current fast food industry, and any trends or changes that might occur in the future. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 7 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 8 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut ENVIRONMENTAL AND INTERNAL ANALYSIS OF PIZZA HUT In our visit to Pizza Hut we conducted research on PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) Analysis. In the internal analysis of Pizza Hut we have considered SWOT of the Company. PEST (Political, Economic, Social & Technological) i. POLITICAL ISSUES: Political issues include regulatory frame work operating in judicial system which may affect the business in different ways. There are not many political factors in Peshawar affecting Pizza Hut as is lack of competition. Factors such as laws on business employment, pollution and taxation apply on the organization which it has to follow regarding the rules. ii. ECNOMIC FACTORS: If the county’s economy is better so the GDP of the country will be good, this is a green signal for the business as the per capita income of the people will be increased and they will spend more money. In our survey we came to know that most of the people in the beginning of the months spend more and they visit pizza hut very often. When the inflation rate increases the cost of raw material also increases and this leads towards high prices of the products and vice versa. iii. SOCIAL FACTORS: Pizza hut is a multinational and it is basically originated from America so the organization is overwhelmed by western culture. There are social forms of society which consist of Upper class, middle class, middle upper class, lower class and lower class. Every country has cultural norms, values, beliefs and religion which can affect the organization. iv. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS: Now a day’s technology is improving so as baking and heating ovens will be of new and efficient technology and will provide efficient service. Due to new technology there are new ways of marketing like internet; telemarketing and the organization can advertise their products with much more faster pace. Computer based customer data that is MIS (managing information system) helps in collecting customer data, daily transactions, future forecasting and decision making. New vehicles will make their service more efficient. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 9 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut SWOT ANALYSIS: Every organization has its strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats. So, the SWOT analysis for pizza hut is as under: Strengths: Pizza Hut is the market leader in providing different products of pizzas as there are no competitors in this sector. There good image makes the organization more strong. Pizza Hut is providing good taste, quality products with qualified staff, good atmosphere and hygienic environment. They are specialized in pizzas. Motivation level of staff is very high which make the organization more prosperous. They are ISO (International Standard Organization) certified. They have enough resources for operating different activities of the organization. They are providing free home delivery service. They have created monopoly in this sector. Another big Strength and even a Competitive Advantageis the fact that they have a full service restaurant as well as delivery services. Most of Pizza Hut’s competitors do not have restaurants. Because of the restaurant, Pizza Hut can market too many different segments that other pizza chains cannot. For example, Pizza Hut can market to families much easier than Domino’s or Little Caesar’s. Weaknesses: However, the fact that Pizza Hut does have a restaurant to run is also a weakness. Pizza Hut has higher overhead costs, due to the restaurant that other competitors don’t have to deal with. Another result of higher overhead costs is higher prices Pizza Hut must charge. Obviously, Pizza Hut is not the low cost producer. They rely on their quality pizza and good service to account for their higher prices. They are providing less range of products comparatively with high prices. They are more focused on Western taste instead of Eastern. Opportunities: New markets can be explored and new opportunities they can gain. Pizza Hut can come up with the new products considering the Eastern taste of the people as like McDonalds. Diversification of new products can increase their market share. They can reduce their prices because of more resources. Threats: Pizza Hut’s number one threats are from their competitors. Currently, Their closest competitor is Domino’s Pizza who is working to open their Branch at Karachi. Domino’s main competitive advantage over Pizza Hut is their Lower price. ii. Little Caesar’s who is establishing their self in India and might move to i. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 10 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Pakistan is another one of Pizza Hut’s competitors, right behind Domino’s in market share. Little Caesar’s is famous for offering large quantities of pizza for less money. iii. New entrance like Dominos pizza in Pakistan market can affect their market share. iv. Other local restaurants can affect their market share by providing pizzas with lower price. v. Social factors can affect their image as a Western organization. SEGMENTATION: Main segments which Pizza hut has captured are the combination of higher incomes and dual career families , due to higher income consumer have more disposable income , allowing them to eat out more often. Pizza Hut holds the most market share in the Pizza industry, the perceived quality and service of the company will help to ensure a better the average chance at a successful introduction of a new product. The introduction of a product that keeps with today trends is also important to reduce the risk of failure. Pizza Hut maximum market segment is younger generations. These generation ranges from 12 to 30, the overall spending of these generations is mostly on non essential items, the higher amount of spending has been done on eating out. POSITIONING Pizza Hut was among the first multinational brands to enter the food retail sector in Pakistan. When the first Pizza Hut restaurant opened in Karachi the quick service industry was at a nascent stage and the pizza category was dominated by a sole regional player who had a marginal presence. Pizza Hut went on to play a significant role in pioneering and developing this category in Pakistan. Worldwide and in Pakistan, Pizza Hut has come to become synonymous with the ‘best pizzas under one roof’. This is because at Pizza Hut the belief is that every pizza has its own magic, thus making it a destination product – which everyone seeks. It is this belief that has ignited the passion to create, innovate and serve the finest product the industry has to offer, while setting standards for others to strive to replicate. Pizza Hut is committed to providing uncompromising product quality, offering customers the highest value for money and giving service that is warm, friendly and personal. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 11 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut. A critical factor in Pizza Hut’s success has been its unique dining experience. Crew members at Pizza Hut strive each day to provide ‘CUSTOMER MANIA’ – the kind of service that ensures that every visit of the customer is a memorable one. Pizza Hut’s constant endeavor to provide extra value – whether it is pizzas which are available to suit every price range, new promotions or the introduction of innovative product ranges – that puts a ‘Yum’ on every customer’s face – has allowed it to increase its presence in Pakistan to the current 38 restaurants across 9 cities. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 12 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Market Targeting: Pizza hut targeted market defines them as a family product. This is because they don’t really directly market their customers. They are target everyone whereas their competitors target a certain gender or age. But pizza hut targets a wide range of customers. This is because they want to make the most money and who blames them. They have many competitors and they are bound to try everything to cope up tops. Their competitors are everywhere. There are just a few that are main competitors and pizza hut will always try to be the best and get the most money by making their products better quality but also cheaper. They try to offer something different with their product as well. They offer a range of stuffed crusts to try and attract customers. They also do vegetarian options with meet free pizzas and a salad and pasta bar. Not a lot of restaurants offer a salad and a pasta bar. This is another competitive idea to attract or customers. STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY PIZZA HUT: A business’s strategy is the pattern of decisions and actions that are taken by the business to achieve its goals. A business has a variety of goals and objectives. All businesses need to organize their business activities in order to achieve their business objectives. Running a business involves planning the current as well as future activities. Hence, in order to achieve the business objectives, all business organizations adopt different strategies. Similarly, Pizza Hut has adopted many strategies which help achieve the targets set by the main office to the local store opened at Peshawar. Changes are the external as well as internal environment has led Pizza Hut rethink their past strategies and has therefore designed new strategies after noticing the changes in the environment. These environmental changes are seen through the PEST and SWOT analysis. After considering all the factors Pizza Hut has decided upon the strategies and their current strategies are divided into five main categories and further have sub-parts. These strategies are: – Functional Strategies: These are strategies designed to improve the efficiency of a business’s operations. They often focus on an area, such as marketing, human resource etc. All business organizations adopt strategies at functional level as once the functional objectives are achieved, corporate objectives become easy. In order to make the functional strategy efficient, Pizza Hut has made all the functional departments co-operate with each other. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 13 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Total Quality Management (TQM): This is the most important for a food chain like Pizza Hut. All the employees’ backof-the-house i. e. the kitchen assistants are trained accordingly. They are given extra classes in order to meet the quality standards set by Pizza Hut around the world. This strategy is important in order to satisfy the CHAMPS. This strategy is strictly implemented in Pizza Hut in order to fulfill the quality standards. Different quality management staff is also there at Pizza Hut. The shift managers have the task to observe whether the quality standards are met or not, whereas there are a total quality management department at the main office in Karachi. This department has the task to implement quality standards and know whether they are achieved or not. Business Level Strategy: Business level strategies are plans made to gain a competitive advantage over its rivals in a market. Hence, all the businesses need to adopt business level strategies in order to compete in a competitive environment. If we take a look at the Pakistani market, there are no large competitors of Pizza Hut but unlimited small competitors exist in the market. The threat of competitors is very low as there is no international food chain offering pizza in Pakistan at present. Therefore, present strategies adopted by Pizza Hut are keeping in consideration the present competition. Whereas, in future this competition will increase and Pizza Hut will have to change all its business level strategies in order to compete with its rivals. In very near future Dominos is opening its first branch in Karachi. This would be a threat for Pizza Hut and hence, the strategies would be changed. Pricing Strategy: The level of competition a business faces determines its pricing strategy. Sometimes a business has the scope to set its price and sometimes a business cannot. When a business has the scope to set its price there is a number of pricing strategies or policies it might choose. As there are no such competitors of Pizza Hut which could compete with the quality of pizza produced at Pizza Hut, therefore, the pricing strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is ‘market skimming’. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This is a golden era for Pizza Hut, as there are no competitors and hence, Pizza Hut is free to charge any price they want. They are charging higher prices due to the uniqueness of the product. They satisfy the target market as the food quality is worth the price paid. The pricing strategy is not just to get the worth Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 14 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut of quality but also to gain maximum profits before any competitor enters because then Pizza Hut will have to change its pricing strategy. Although the prices would be lowered with the new entrants in the market but not to a greater extent as the quality food products are not home-produced. They are imported from different countries keeping in view the best quality. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 15 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Market Share: As there are Dozens of Pizza Suppliers Globally Providing Services in different part of the World, but Pizza Hut is the One who got the Bigger Market Share Globally. This is the Survey taken by www. survey. com that Pizza Hut is having 48% of Overall Pizza Market in the World. After that Dominos is leading with a percentage of 20% while the rest 32% is divided in the Remaining Pizza Providers Globally. MARKET SHARE OTHERS 32% PIZZA HUT PIZZA HUT 48% DOMINO’S OTHERS DOMINO’S 20% Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 16 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut FOUR P’S OF MARKETING. PRODUCT: Product refers to the actual program you are planning. The goal of pizza hut is to develop the best product with the resources available. Pizza Hut sells pizzas in four different sizes: personal (an individual serving), small, medium and large, though most stores have done away from with the small size. A variety of toppings are available, plus â€Å"specialty† styles, including Meat Lovers, Pepperoni Lovers, Cheese Lovers, Veggie Lovers, Double Cheeseburger, Supreme, Super Supreme and the newly introduced Pizza Mia. The pan pizza has a thicker crust than most other commercially available pizzas .so their products have help them to retain their customers and to increase them . they provide their customers with complete nutrition plan and healthy food is guaranteed. The nutrition plan also clearly tells diabetes patients can use what range of food at pizza hut. Over weight patients are also satisfied and the pizza with less cholesterol can be ordered. This encourages the customers to visit pizza hut rather than going elsewhere. As pizza hut has to boost its sales in the existing markets, so they the new food products are introduced in all branches line-by–line because all branches are operated in co-operation with one another. Different products for different regions are also developed as there are choice differences. Pizza hut offers a long list of products and never afraid to offer new products like in Peshawar according to market they introduce the very first â€Å"Chapli Kabab Pizza† which was very healthy product by Pizza hut in this region. There are a lot many products according to different geographical places. Like in India they have got there vegetable pizzas, which has a large market there BUT not the Cow Meat Pizza. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 17 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut. PRICE: . As there are no such competitors of Pizza Hut which could compete with the quality of pizza produced at Pizza Hut, therefore, the pricing strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is ‘market skimming’. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This is a golden era for Pizza Hut, as there are no competitors and hence, Pizza Hut is free to charge any price they want. They are charging higher prices due to the uniqueness of the product. They satisfy the target market as the food quality is worth the price paid. The pricing strategy is not just to get the worth of quality but also to gain maximum profits before any competitor enters because then Pizza Hut will have to change its pricing strategy. Although the prices would be lowered with the new entrants in the market but not to a greater extent as the quality food products are not home-produced. They are imported from different countries keeping in view the best quality. First, this pricing strategy will help segment the market. Different groups of customers are willing to pay different prices for the same product. The high/low pricing strategy will also create excitement. The pricing strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is ‘market skimming’. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This product will emphasize product and service quality PLACE/DISTRIBUTION: It refers to the best place to offer program. That is the place where it is located and through what channels are we distributing programs and the competitive advantage lies in distribution. The pizza hut Peshawar is situated out of the market area near Army Stadium and Shami road. This site has been chosen keeping in view the following factors. It is in an out of centre location on retail or Leisure Park with good parking accessibility. Secondly the catchment area is of a specified minimum size and within a given drive time to the site. Distribution The type of distribution channel used by Pizza Hut is the direct channel. The direct channel is successful when there is an extremely large market that is geographically dispersed. The direct channel is also useful when there are a large number of buyers, but a small amount purchased by each. Pizza Hut uses three different methods of selling its products directly to the market. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 18 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut i. The first method of distribution used by Pizza Hut is Home. Office delivery. Customers can call Pizza Hut ahead of time, place an order, and the order is delivered to the customer’s home. can go to the nearest Pizza Hut, place an order and either leave with the order or eat at the restaurant. One of Pizza Hut’s largest competitive advantages is its restaurant style facility. Pizza Hut offers a clean place to sit down and enjoy the variety of pizzas, salads, and sandwiches in a fun, family atmosphere. ii. Another method of distribution is for customers to dine-in. Customers iii. The third method of distribution is to order Online. Selective County Customers can now go on the Internet and place an order for Pizza. This method is useful because it allows customers to view the entire menu, download any special coupons, and order without having to disclose any credit card numbers. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 19 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut PROMOTION: The objectives of promotion are to introduce a new product, stimulate demand, change the short-term behavior of the customers, and encourage repeat or greater usage by current customers. Pizza hut uses many promotional strategies. The main promotion is a coupon to purchase. This promotion is also distributed mainly by mail, but also by fliers on college campuses around the country in order to reach the target market. They are using billboards on main stream places to get there customer. They are also distributing door to door brochures to capture more and more customers. Pizza huts also using marketing techniques. These are the strategies Pizza hut is using for its marketing. Pizza huts try’s to attract the younger generation as their main market segment. Apart from this Pizza Hut is using intense marketing strategies they are also giving ads in magazines. Advertising camping will creates awareness of the products in our target markets. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 20 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut CONCLUSION Pizza Hut has many targets which it has achieve in a given period of time. The time-period is mostly a year. Therefore, in order to fulfill the targets different strategies are adopted by Pizza Hut. It can be concluded that these strategies have been successful and there is flexibility in the strategies, as they can be changed with the changes in the market conditions as well as the targets. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 21 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut REFERENCES Mr. Amir Zeb, Shift Manager, Pizza Hut, Peshawar Mr. Hamad Zeb, Shift Manger, Pizza Hut, Peshawar Lower staff of Pizza Hut, Peshawar Google Search Engine www. definitions. com www. answers. com www. about. com www. wikipedia. org www. pizzahut. com Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan  .

Ludwig Van Beethoven and a music in his life - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 869 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Ludwig van Beethoven Essay Did you like this example? Ludwig Van Beethoven appreciated music at an early age. On Spring 26th, 1778, at 7 years old and a half Beethoven gave his first open execution at Cologne. The melodic and instructing abilities educated to Ludwig from his dad were exceptionally constrained. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ludwig Van Beethoven and a music in his life" essay for you Create order Before long Ludwig learned music, principally the organ and by understood performers, for example, Gottlob Neefe. Neefe perceived how astonishing Beethovens gifts were, and in addition to the fact that Neefe taught him music, he ensured Beethoven thought about crafted by a thinker, and antiquated and current, referred to Beethoven also. In 1782, preceding he turned 12, Ludwig distributed his first bit of music, which was 9 Varieties in C minor for piano on a walk by Earnst Christoph Dressler. The next year in 1783, Neefe compose an article in the Magazine of Music were he expounded on his gifted understudy Ludwig Van Beethoven where he stated, On the off chance that he proceeds with like this, there will be no uncertainty that he will be the following Mozart.In June 1784, on Neefes suggestions, Ludwig Van Beethoven was selected organist of the court of Maximilian Franz, the Voter of Cologne. Beethoven was 14 years of age. This let him be in successive new groups of friends, other tha n his dad and family. Prince Maximillian Franz was additionally mindful of Beethovens music thus he sent Beethoven to Vienna, in 1787, to meet Mozart and further his melodic training. Vienna was, all things considered, the capital city as far as culture and music. A letter got back to Beethoven to Bonn, his mom was kicking the bucket. The main individual in his family with whom he had built up a solid and adoring association with, passed away on July seventeenth, 1787. After five years, in 1792, Ludwig Van Beethoven returned to Vienna, profiting from another give, for a long time, by the Ruler Balloter, again to seek after his melodic training. He never returned to the town of his introduction to the world. At Vienna, the youthful artist took exercises with Haydyn, at that point with Albrechtsberger and Salieri. He caught the consideration of and surprised Vienna with his virtuosity and his spontaneous creations on piano. In 1794, Beethoven formed Creation 1, the Trios for Piano. Th e next year, Ludwig Van Beethoven made his first open execution at Vienna (an Institute). Where every artist played his own work. At that point pursued a visit: Prague, Dresden, Leipzig, and Berlin, before leaving for a show in Budapest. Beethoven made various associates at Vienna. Everyone in the melodic and blue-blooded world respected the youthful writer. These music-sweethearts were Beethovens most noteworthy supporters. He ended up irate routinely with some of them, regularly making fair changes soon a short time later. His ability pardoned his exorbitant, imprudent conduct. In 1800, Beethoven sorted out another show in Vienna including, strikingly, the introduction of his first orchestra. Albeit today we discover this work established, and near crafted by Mozart and Haydn, at the time certain audience members found the orchestra unusual, excessively extreme, and even suggestive. This virtuoso, Beethoven, who was as yet a youthful, new arranger, was at that point pushing the built up limits of music. Unfortunately, in 1801 Beethoven admitted to his companions at Bonn that he was apprehensive he was gradually going hard of hearing. At Heiligenstadt in 1802 he composed an acclaimed content communicating his disturb at the injustice of life: that he, an artist, could wind up hard of hearing was something he would not like to survive. Notwithstanding, music made him continue and he composed that he realized that despite everything he had numerous other melodic areas to investigate, find, and to pass on. Beethoven composed his third orchestra to pay tribute to an extraordinary man, Bonaparte. He was viewed as the emancipator of the general population, opening a way to trust amid the French Transformation. At the point when the Principal Emissary announced himself Sovereign, Beethoven wound up incensed and glowered out Bonapartes name from the score. On April seventh, 1805, the Eroica ensemble was played out of the blue. In the mean time, Beethoven had at long last completed his musical show, Leonore, the main musical drama he composed. He composed and revamped four distinct suggestions. The name of the musical drama, hence, changed to Fidelio, against the desires of the writer. November twentieth, 1805 was the date of the opening execution before a little gathering of people of French officers. This was on the grounds that Napoleon, leader of the military, had caught Vienna out of the blue. This happened again in 1809. Beethoven has performed a lot more exhibitions. In 1826, Beethoven discovered a chilly returning from his siblings place, with whom he had contended once more. The disease confused other medical issues that Beethoven had experienced for his entire life. He passed away encompassed by his dearest companions on Spring 26th, 1827, similarly as a tempest broke out. The memorial service customs occurred at the congregation of the Sacred Trinity. It is evaluated that somewhere in the range o f 10,000 and 30,000 individuals visited. Franz Schubert, hesitant and a colossal admirer of Beethoven, while never having turned out to be near him, was one of the pine box bearers, alongside different artists. Schubert passed on the following year and was covered alongside Beethoven.

Benefits Of Having A Well Written Resume - 844 Words

Having a well written resume can tell a lot of a person who is applying for a job. The hiring team or managers who are looking to hire people are looking for specific requirements that match theirs and looking for someone that stands out. By learning different tools and tactics on improving skills and speaking abilities will only help stand out for a company to choose your resume and invite for an interview and possibly start your career. In the jobs search I searched for Operations Manager. With the degree I am going to accomplish, that is a career I would like to dive into. I have always liked the operational side of a business. When conducting the search there weren’t any openings in my area where I live but more towards the St. Paul/ Minneapolis area. Unless I wanted to relocate in the future that would probably where I would want to go to search for jobs like that. One of the jobs I saw that was somewhat local was an Operations Manager was for an Company that manufactures segments for collection vehicles. Some of the qualifications for this job include; bachelors in business, 3-5 years’ experience, oversee plant production, conduct meetings, forecasting production and applying schedules, incorporate new methods and costs. After looking at my resume, I know there are things I should change or fix. In the resume builder I decided to build a new resume with the information I already had. I looked at different samples and picked the outlay that I like and went fromShow MoreRelatedWriting An Effective Cover Letter793 Words   |  4 Pagesdocument sent with your resume to provide additional information on your skills and experience. The letter typically provides detailed information on why you are qualified for the job you are applying for. What is the purpose of a cover letter? Generally speaking, the purpose of a cover letter is to provide an engaging personal introduction, to connect your unique qualifications to the specific position, to stimulate the employer’s curiosity enough that they want to look at your resume and to land yourRead MoreSelecting The Right Candidate For A Position1378 Words   |  6 Pagescompel to, or be held liable for, a role. In order to get the most qualified candidate for the job, the job description needs to be clear and brief. In the article Developing Effective Job Descriptions for Small Businesses and farms it states that, a well- developed job description identifies and position’s essential task and combining these task with performance standards can provide criteria useful in reviewing an employee’s performance (Craig Dobbins and Cole Ehmke /Department of Agricultural EconomicsRead MoreCandidates for Job Opening838 Words   |  3 Pagesand projected a great deal of enthusiasm and energy for the job demonstrates that he exhibits a strong amount of initiative and goal directedness. These two qualities are vital for the success of any organization. None of the positions he has on his resume shine or stand out with a certain amount of leadership or aplomb, but thats not as important as the character that Bernard projects. Bernard demonstrates that he clearly understands the importance of what it means to be a leader and knows ho w thatRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Organization Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pagesthat having a quality workforce can help the company gain a competitive advantage in the market. Many companies have started hiring people irrespective of their race, sex, religion, nationality etc. The critical thing for any company is to understand and use potential of their workforce. Building and managing top-quality workforce is not as easy as it may seem. In order to get to this point, a company has to believe that the human resource department is an investment and not a liability. Having a diverseRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management : Job Specification And Recruitment Plan1449 Words   |  6 Pagescandidate having a balance between experience and education will have a lot to offer. The job specification hopefully will attract candidate who have the ability to understand the unstated, to pre-empt what the student needs and guide the student to develop those skills to enter indus try of their choice via internship, resume writing etc. We have tried to use cost effective methods to advertise the job opening. They are listed in the detailed report along with the reasons and benefits for each approachRead MoreThe For A Healthcare Administration Degree876 Words   |  4 Pagesand teaching. Individuals with these personalities will do well in jobs that need you to be dependable, be able to handle stress well, be very flexible, have a concern for others and have integrity. The skill set that is required include empathetic listening, giving undivided attention to the person you are working with, understanding kinesics, if something is not working then being able to change that to fit better to the person and having good problem solving skills. After taking the questionnaireRead MoreA Interview On Interview Etiquette1159 Words   |  5 Pagesand keep smiling while the first exchanges of conversation occur. If the interviewer offers you a drink, politely decline. Having a drink nearby opens the door for an accidental spill. Drinking during an interviewer is also distracting for both parties. After the interviewer invites you to take a seat, you can open your bag or portfolio and retrieve a copy of your resume for the interviewer. The interviewer will most likely have a copy; however, providing another one shows you are prepared. Read MoreJob Requirements And The Importance Of Selection Strategies Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagesto completion of formal training in child development when working in licensed facilities, as well as background investigations may be required for state licensed facility which may include certifications in first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). (Kelchner, 2016) The strategies that would be used in the selection of candidates for the various positions at our daycare would include resumes, initial interviews, gathering of biological information, and reference and background checksRead MoreTeaching English As A Second Language Learners1368 Words   |  6 Pageslanguage barrier for tourist encouraging more travel. Schools across the United States are reflecting this trend as teachers are more likely to encounter students who know more than one language or who are learning English as a second language. Having students who are English second language learners (ESL) in the classroom changes the learning environment as different teaching techniques are used. In some subjects like math these teaching techniques can change in a minute ways from how the teacherRead MoreIs Wireless Subscriber Connections ( Ctia 2014 )?1647 Words   |  7 Pagessubscriber connections (CTIA 2014). Unfortunately, this is not just a phase, but rather, a new and distu rbing trend that can easily transition into adulthood, resulting in these young people struggling to fill out job applications or prepare a proper resume, not to mention the other problems they are sure to face with an inability to formulate in their minds the difference between your and you re . No longer are today s young people typing complete sentences, but they re shorting their messages

Feminism, By Simone Beauvoir Essay - 1734 Words

According to Simone Beauvoir, feminism has already been tainted to an extent that there seems no hope of talking about the subject. Though a lot has been said about feminism, little improvement has been seen in women and they are still subject to man. Woman no longer exists as a fellow man but lives in the shadow of a man. Though a woman is just a fellow human being like a man, society has made her less significant such that there are no definite characteristics relating to a woman as it is for a man (Simone, 1949). The author wondered whether women still existed, if they are supposed to exist, and if they existed, what place would the society place them. In her introduction, Simone Beauvoir develops her thesis by claiming that women are a lost course and tries to give different characteristics given to a man to show that there is no definite place for a woman in society. Though women make a half of human population, they are normally encouraged to be and behave like women and men are viewed as a superior human being such that a woman is just the other. She cannot exist without a man though a man can exist on his own. The author gives definitions of a woman as society perceives her. One of the definitions is that a woman is characterized by a womb. However, some scholars oppose the definition by claiming that though some women have a womb, they cannot be referred to as women. The very parts that make a woman are what seem to imprison her. Ovaries, uterus, and glands makeShow MoreRelatedSimone de Beauvoir: Feminism and Existentialism806 Words   |  4 PagesSimone de Beauvoir: Feminism and Existentialism Simone de Beauvoir talks about women through the eyes of an existentialist in her book The Second Sex. Specifically, de Beauvoir’s views on how woman is â€Å"man’s dependent† shows the Subject and the Other relationship, a solution she gives to abolishing the oppression of women is that we need to abandon the idea that women are born feminine, second, weaker and not made, and the responsibility that she puts on herself and women for accepting the rolesRead MoreThe Eyes Of Feminism By Simone De Beauvoir2343 Words   |  10 PagesOf the first person to attempt to view history through the eyes of feminism, Simone de Beauvoir asserts that man is the great subject and woman is the other – man is seen as essential, woman is not. Her primary argument is that men fundamentally oppress women by characterizing them as the ‘other’. The author also believes that women’s inferiority in society is not a result of natural, sexual differences but rat her of differences in the societal development of men and women. She argues that womenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Second Sex By Simone De Beauvoir1305 Words   |  6 PagesSimone de Beauvoir is one of the leading intellectuals of women in French culture, and is a famous feminist. Her book, The Second Sex, challenged political and existential theories. Her most long-lasting effect is how women understand themselves, their relationships, their place in society, and the construction of gender. In this case, Simone de Beauvoir, Michele Le Doeuff, and Christine Delphy all seem to agree or disagree that the core questions that women must understand is how they are definedRead MoreExistentialism : Simone De Beauvoir And Angst994 Words   |  4 PagesJack Curry Mrs. Firmender Great Books Honors 22 September 2015 Simone de Beauvoir and Angst Existentialism is somewhat of an open topic. For some, it is a way of life, and everything they do goes along by the rules of existentialism. Other people know what it is, yet don’t follow by it. And then there are the people who have no idea what it is. Nevertheless, existentialism is by definition â€Å"a philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsibleRead MoreGender : History, Culture And Ideology Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment #1 With reference to Simone de Beauvoir and Betty Freidan discuss the issues that were central to second wave feminism. Name: Shuruti Sharma Date: October 28, 2016. Course Code: HUMA 1951 Course Name: Introduction to Gender: History, Culture and Ideology TA: Catherine Swenson Student Number: 214474803 The concept of second wave feminism has constructed progressing ideologies that attempted to help women overcome gender constructed norms they have facedRead MoreThe Second Sex!1578 Words   |  7 Pagesrole of feminism in the 20th century changed the lives of many women, opening new doors to greater opportunities such has: jobs, education, and empowerment. Many achievements and organizations were a success in bringing a new role into society for women all over. However, the battle that seems to keep reappearing over time is the constant struggle between man and women and the fundamental question that still is left unanswered, who is inferior? In her novel, The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir discussesRead MoreSimone De Beauvoir And Patricia Hill Collins Feminist Perspective On Womens Traditional Roles?1433 Words   |  6 Pages Simone De Beauvoir and Patricia Hill Collins Feminist Perspective on Women’s traditional Roles Selene Sandoval Sociology of Theory December 1, 2017 All throughout history women of all race have been portrayed as creatures whose opinions, feelings, and goals never mattered in this androcentric world. Although women have moved up in the equality ladder to some extended, women still have a longs ways to go when it comes down to real equal rights. So what is equal rightRead MoreBeauvoir s Feminist Beliefs : Simone De Beauvoir924 Words   |  4 PagesFeminist Beliefs (An educational analysis of Simone de Beauvoir s feminist beliefs) Simone de Beauvoir is to this day one of the key central figures in the women’s rights movement. She inspired people all over the world. Although she may not be the extreme feminist that people believe her to be. Beauvoir said many times that she naturally didn’t believe that women were inferior to men, but she also didn’t believe that they were naturally equal either. Beauvoir wrote the book The Second Sex which holdsRead MoreThe Sources Of Injustice Explained By Simone De Beauvoir1365 Words   |  6 PagesWoMEN (An Analysis of the Sources of Injustice Explained by Simone de Beauvoir in Second Sex) The idea of feminism and women’s rights have been under attack for years. Women themselves have been under attack for their entire lives. Women always have to be doing things correctly or men attack their very being. Men have expected women to be submissive to them from the beginning of time, as life has always been a patriarchy. Feminism has always been buried under the dirt but in the last 50-100 yearsRead MoreFeminism And Gender And Sexuality1378 Words   |  6 Pagesthey were entitled to, this notion sparked the concept of feminism. Simone De Beauvoir references women as the ‘second sex’, saying that â€Å"one is not born, but rather becomes a woman† (2382). By this statement, De Beauvoir argues that women are not born a women, but are taught from infancy to accept society’s role of ‘woman’. The idea that women are taught to accept their role by society is the concept that feminism fights. Historically, Feminism has evolved from the critical examination of inequality

Construction and Property Law for Memorandum -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theConstruction and Property Law for Memorandum of Advice. Answer: This memorandum identifies the possible liabilities which could be raised for different parties owing to the construction work which was recently undertaken. Through the analysis of the case study, it becomes clear that NSW Government would be able to claim liquidated and consequential losses from AllTrack and Von Fimerick for the delay, inferior quality and wrong construction. Apart from this, AllTrack would be able to claim damages from Von Fimerick for the delay caused in performing the work. For the physical injury and psychiatric illness caused to Tom and Bob, NSW Government and Jean Holland would be liable. However, the damages which would be awarded to Tom by the court would be brought down owing to his contributory negligence. NSW Government Heading Contract Law Issue Whether NSW Government can make AllTrack liable based on the contracts which were drawn, for the subpar quality of products used and for the delay in completion of project. Rule As a construction contract is a contract, the non-performance of the terms of such contract can result in the breaching party being made liable. Where the contractor fails in completing their work within the time which had been prescribed to them, liquidated damages are awarded to the aggrieved party. Where the contract provides the provisions for damages to be awarded be it in terms of consequential losses or the liquidated damages, and where the parties to contract have agreed to such clause, the provisions of such damages would be applicable, owing to the same being a term of the contract (Bailey and Bell, 2011). Also, where there are any defects or shortfalls in the construction work which has been carried, the defaulting party can be made liable for such faults. Here, the defaulting party includes both contractor and sub-contractor. Often such defects in materials and workmanship are discovered very late. Still, the contractor remains liable for such contraventions. Under the contract law, the plaintiff who had to bear the loss as a result of the contravention of contract, gets the entitlement to the extent of monetary damages, which would allow for the aggrieved party to be put in place, where they would have been, in case the contract had been performed, as was seen in Turner Corporation Ltd (Receiver and Manager Appointed) v Austotel Pty Ltd (1994) 13 BCL 378 (Bailey and Bell, 2011). Application Owing to the contract undertaken between AllTrack and NSW Government, NSW Government can claim the costs of delay from AllTrack and also for the inferior tiles used and the platforms being 30 cm narrower. This is due to the clear specifications provided under the contract drawn between the two parties. As the case study is silent on a time delay clause being present in the contract, it is assumed to be present. It was important for AllTrack to fulfil the contractual obligations; by not doing the same, they can be made liable in terms of liquidated damages and the consequential loss. This would allow for NSW Government to be put in place where they would have been, based on Turner Corporation Ltd (Receiver and Manager Appointed) v Austotel Pty Ltd, had the contract been properly performed. Conclusion Based on the discussion undertaken in the previous segment, it can be concluded that NSW Government would be able to claim liquidated and consequential losses from AllTrack for the delay, inferior quality and wrong construction. AllTrack Heading Contract Law Issue Whether AllTrack can claim any damages from Von Fimerick based on the contracts which were drawn, for the subpar quality of products used and for the delay in completion of project? Rule In construction industry, a common principal of letter of intent exists. The result of this document is that the actual intention in the letter can be deemed as acceptance instead of being a mere indication of intent to get in a binding contract at a later date. In Cox Constructions Pty Ltd v Decor Ceilings Pty Ltd (No 2) [2005] SASC 483, it was held by the court that the parties were bound exclusively and immediately by the last letter which was sent. In this case, a final and formal agreement was being created but could not reach its end. As the terms of the second contract could not be agreed upon, the parties were bound by the terms of letter of intent. So, the letter of intent is the acceptance. The contractors are thus allowed to recover the costs incurred in the anticipation of creation of contract on restitutionary basis (Bailey and Bell, 2011). Application With regards to the contract which took place between the contractor AllTrack and subcontractor Von Fimerick, Cox Constructions Pty Ltd v Decor Ceilings Pty Ltd (No 2) proves to be of help. As per the quoted case, the Letter of Intent would be binding here. This is because no agreement could be attained on the overall limitation of liability and even on the prices and delivery dates. As a result of this, the Letter of Intent would be deemed as the final agreement. However, there is no clarity given in the case study regarding the time by which the delivery had to be made. Assuming that there had been actual delay in the delivery being made by Von Fimerick of slab tracks, the quoted case would allow AllTrack to claim damages from Von Fimerick. Conclusion Based on the discussion undertaken in the previous segment, it can be concluded that for the delay caused in performing the work, AllTrack would be able to claim damages from Von Fimerick. Von Fimerick Heading Contract Law Issue Whether Von Fimerick can be made liable based on the contracts which were drawn, for the subpar quality of products used and for the delay in completion of project? Rule (Same as that for AllTrack) Application As the letter of intent was binding based on Cox Constructions Pty Ltd v Decor Ceilings Pty Ltd (No 2), Von Fimerick would be bound by the terms of Letter of intent. This includes the potential unlimited liability for delayed completion and subpar quality products. Further, where NSW Government decides to sue Von Fimerick along with AllTrack, they would have to bear the liability, for the reasons of being a subcontractor. Conclusion Based on the discussion undertaken in the previous segment, it can be concluded that Von Fimerick can be made liable based on the contracts which were drawn, by both AllTrack and NSW Government. Tom Heading Tort Law Issue Whether Tom can make a successful claim of negligence against NSW Government or not? Rule Negligence refers to the breach of duty of care which results in one person getting injured/ harmed or has to bear a loss, owing to the lack of care which the first person undertook, in fulfilling their work. Where a case of negligence is established, the aggrieved party is awarded damages. In order to make a case of negligence, there is a need to show that a duty of care was owed to the plaintiff by the defendant. The next requirement is to show that this duty of care had been breached as the requisite standard of care was not adopted by the defendant. The third requirement is to show that a material damages was caused to the plaintiff owing to the breach of duty by the defendant. The fourth requirement is to show that there was reasonable proximity between the plaintiff and the defendant, to show that the damages were not too remote. The last requirement is to consider the defences raised by the defendant for rebuffing or reducing their liability (Bailey and Bell, 2011). In Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100, the judges held that there is a need to take reasonable care in avoiding the acts which could result in such damage, where such chance of such injury or loss was reasonably foreseen. This foreseeability is required to establish a duty of care. There is a need to consider the plaintiffs vulnerability to harm owing to the conduct of the defendant. Once the duty of care has been shown, its breach also needs to be established. It is the duty of building professionals to protect against the possibility of risk, and the risk becomes greater where the standards are higher. The next requirement is to show that the plaintiff was hurt or injured and that an actual damage had taken place. Apart from the physical injury caused to the individual, the damages can also be claimed for economic loss. However, Perre v Apand (1999) 198 CLR 180 dictates that the situation, in which an individual could be liable for pure economic loss, is limited in comparison to physical injury (Bailey and Bell, 2011). A leading defence which is used in cases of negligence is contributory negligence. In this defence, the defendant can show that the plaintiff partly resulted in the damages being caused to them. In such cases, the damages awarded to the plaintiff for negligence, are reduced by the court, due to the failure of plaintiff in taking reasonable care of protecting them (Bailey and Bell, 2011). Application In the present case study, it was reasonably foreseeable that a failure in signal would result in a mishap. As NSW had engaged Jean Holland, they had the responsibility of the work which they undertook. Due to the foreseeability of harm, NSW Government owed a duty of care to Tom and Bob based on Donoghue v Stevenson. Even though in the past such signal failure had not resulted in any harm, the presence of signal failure was enough to make NSW Government liable, particularly because this defect had already been detected earlier, and was not fixed. The standard of care required NSW Government to fix this defect on urgent basis. Not doing so, was thus a breach of duty of care. Tom was injured owing to the accident, which happened due to signal failure. He was permanently disabled, which is not remote injury. However, he was texting on his phone when the incident took place, which means that he contributed towards the injury which he sustained. Conclusion Based on the discussion undertaken in the previous segment, it can be concluded that a claim against NSW Government by Tom would be successful, for the physical injury caused to him under the law of negligence. However, the damages which would be awarded to Tom by the court would be brought down owing to his contributory negligence. Bob Heading Tort Law Issue Whether Bob can make a successful claim of negligence against NSW Government or not? Rule The plaintiff has to show that the balance of probabilities was due to the negligence of the defendant. Under section 30(2) of the Civil Liability Act, 2002 (NSW), where an individual who suffers mental harm owing to other person being injured, can recover damages only when they witnessed the scene or were a close family member of the victim. In Hambrook v Stokes [1925] 1 KB 141, the plaintiff was able to recover damages due to him fearing safety of life of a close relative. In Jaensch v Coffey (1984) 155 CLR 549, the losses were recoverable for the plaintiff as they witnessed the aftermath of accident which involved a loved one and developed psychiatric harm as a result of it (Bailey and Bell, 2011). Application In context of Bob, the damages were not physical and were instead in form of psychiatric illness. Bob witnessed his closed one getting injured, which would make him liable for getting the damages from NSW Government based on section 30(2) and based on the case of Jaensch v Coffey, as he developed psychiatric injury by watching the aftermaths of the loved one getting injured. However, these damages would not be awarded to him based on Hambrook v Stokes as even though he witnessed the incident, he did not fear for his life. This is particularly because he was busy filming the entire incident which took place, in place of trying to help his cousin. Conclusion Based on the discussion undertaken in the previous segment, it can be concluded that a claim against NSW Government by Bob would be successful, for the psychiatric illness caused to him under the law of negligence. Jean Holland Ltd Heading Tort Law Issue Whether Tom and Bob can make a successful claim of negligence against Jean Holland Ltd or not? Rule In Voli v Inglewood Shire Council [1963] HCA 15, it was held that owing to the poor design, the architect could be sued by the third party when they sustained injury. Application Here, both Tom and Bob can also bring action against Jean Holland on the basis of Voli v Inglewood Shire Council, as both of them were injured owing to the fault of the professional. Conclusion Based on the discussion undertaken in the previous segment, it can be concluded that Tom and Bob can also make the same claims against Jean Holland and would be successful. References Bailey, I., and Bell, M. (2011) Construction Law in Australia. 3rd ed. Rozelle, NSW: Thomson Reuters Australia.

Steven Spielberg Biography Essay Example For Students

Steven Spielberg Biography Essay Rob MartinelleAmerican Literature C BlockResearch Paper: Final Draft18 May, 1999Steven Spielberg: Revolutionary and VisionaryWho would have thought that a brilliant career in filmmaking could have originated with a modest jar of Skippy Peanut Butter smeared on a neighbors window in a tiny Cincinnati suburb? One might not think that such an average boyhood prank could evolve a boy into a man who would become the most financially successful film director in history. Well, that is exactly where Leah Spielberg, Steven Spielbergs mother, would trace her sons initial entry into becoming one of our nations most creative storytellers. ?His badness was so original,? she recalls (Stein 3). We will write a custom essay on Steven Spielberg Biography specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Steven Spielberg, the only child of Leah and Arnold Spielberg, was born on December 18, 1946 at the beginning of the Baby Boom years in Cincinnati, Ohio. It does not take a great stretch of the imagination to see that Stevens film influences were derived from his fathers experience as a World War II veteran and computer technician and his mothers past profession as a concert pianist. The love and amount of technology, history, and music within Stevens films can all be traced back to his early life with his family. While many men returning from war never want to reiterate their experiences, Stevens father seemed to be an exception. Steven said of his father, ? he intoxicated me with bedtime stories about the war. His stories were like the war movies I was watching on television, all worthy of cameo appearances by John Wayne? (Stein 1). It is no wonder that at the age of twelve Stevens first film, Fighter Squad, was filmed on a WWII fighter plane (Corliss 79). However, when Steven was unable to find certain props or realistic backdrops, he simulated dogfights and plane crashes by editing in footage from a WWII documentary. Only a year later, in 1960, he featured the war family Jeep in his second film, Escape to Nowhere, which was an action picture in which GIs invaded a Nazi hideout in the Libyan Desert. Since his family had moved to Arizona in 1960, the Arizona desert near his house would easily replicate the simulation of the Libyan Desert. It is clear that Stevens love and knowledge of visual effects began many years before his creation of a mechanical great white shark in 1975. There have been many incidents throughout Stevens childhood that have made it into his films. At the age of six, Stevens father awoke him to witness a meteor shower in the middle of the night (Stein 2). In time this event would also find its way into his 1977 film, Close Encounters of the Third Kind. The grin of a clown, a deadly tree outside a window, and being afraid at night, all out of 1982s Poltergeist, were all born out of Stevens real childhood phobias (5). Influence for films such as 1993s Academy Award winning drama/documentary Schindlers List could be attributed Steven growing up in a Jewish family. Steven has recalled that during his days in school he felt discriminated from others for being apart of the only Jewish family within the whole community (Graham 530). During the Christmas season, he would be embarrassed that his familys house would be the only one without lights or decorations. When his father offered to place a menorah in the window, Steven responded, ?No!?People will think were Jewish? (Graham 528). Steven has claimed to have learned his numbers as a toddler with the help of a concentration camp survivor who pointed out the numerals tattooed on his arm. However, it was at high school, where he was first exposed to anti-Semitic behavior. He would suffer verbal and sometimes physical abuse from other students. Making movies was definitely an escape for Steven who told the New York Post, ?I enjoy the sense of being transported and no longer thinking anyone is in the audience? (529). ?Nearly three years after finishing Escape to Nowhere, he made his first feature-length film Firelight. It was a two-and-a-half-hour science fiction epic about an investigation of mysterious lights in the sky. However, it was also a look at a rocky marriage. Could the couple within the film have been Arnold and Leah who divorced when Steven was nineteen? Although Steven disregarded it as a terrible film, it was a commercial success. After his family had hired a local movie theatre to screen it, it earned back its entire 500-dollar budget in one night.? (Stein 7) Throughout high school, Steven did not receive grades one might call ?Harvard quality.? Because of this, he was not accepted to any film schools. Therefore, he later enrolled in California State College where he majored in English. In his spare time, he studied films and spent a lot of time trying to get into the parking lots of motion picture studios in an attempt to get producers to look into his films. Unfortunately, the studios would not budge. It would not be until Sidney Sheinherg, head of television at Universal Studios, caught a glimpse of Stevens twenty-five minute road movie, Amblin. After seeing it, Sheinherg offered Steven a seven-year contract to direct television episodes. He would go on to direct episodes of Marcus Welby, M.D., Columbo, and The Name of the Game (Corliss 80). Eventually Universal assigned Steven to his first made-for-television film, Duel. Showing off his skills at editing and creating heart-stomping action sequences, the film was well receiv ed critically. Pauline Kael of the New Yorker writes, ?it is one of the most phenomenal debut films in the history of movies? (Graham 531) Many critics still consider it ?the best American television movie ever made? (529). Due to the films success overseas, Universal Studios handed Steven the adaptation of Peter Benchleys popular novel Jaws, a story of a great white shark terrorizing a seaside community. The film, starring Richard Dreyfuss and Roy Scheider, broke ground in many ways. Aside from eclipsing every box office record at the time, it broke ground in visual effects, constructing a mechanical, remote-controlled replica of a great white shark. Steven reflects back on 1975 during the shooting of Jaws, ?it was the loneliest time of my life. Jaws exacerbates the loneliness by the sheer size of the Atlantic Ocean and the challenge of shooting a complete motion picture on the water? (Corliss 78). Gary Arnold wrote of Jaws, ?There has never been an adventure-thriller quite as terr ifying yet enjoyable as Jaws, and it should set the standard in its field for many years to come? (Graham 529). And that it did. The film would set the standard in the thriller genre with films like John Carpenters 1978 slasher Halloween. Replace the seaside community with Haddenfield, Illinois and the shark with ?Michael Myers? and you have a prime example of the ?Jaws? influence. Not only influencing the genre, the film had a lasting affect on ordinary moviegoers alike. Betty Martinelle, your average film fan recalls at the time, ?although it probably didnt keep most people out of the water that summer, theres hardly a person around that didnt at least take a good glance at the water before going in? (Martinelle). Aside from establishing himself as Hollywoods director to watch out for, Jaws marked his first time collaborating with composer and former head of the Boston Pops, John Williams. He created the now famous two-note theme to the movie as well as doing the scores for everyo ne of Stevens films to come afterward. Grossing well over 200 million dollars, Jaws created the concept of the ?summer movie blockbuster.?Coming off the phenomenal success of Jaws, Steven went back to his passion for science fiction with 1977s Close Encounters of the Third Kind. The film, which Steven both wrote and directed, focuses on an alien-obsessed family man played by Richard Dreyfuss and his fascination with alien spaceships. ?Its a movie for people who like to use their imaginations,? he told Film Comment (Graham 530). Stanley Kaufman described the films finale as ?one of the most overpowering, sheerly cinematic experiences I can remember? (529). Having released his second box office smash in a row, Steven also earned his first Oscar nomination as well. Unfortunately, he would lose in what would be the beginning of an Oscar losing streak. This time period would also mark his meeting and collaboration with another director whom he met at a film festival, George Lucas. ?Steve n saw Lucas as both compadre and competition? (Empire 5). The two would develop a close friendship over the years that stands to this day and would collaborate on many projects. Steven would be the executive producer on Lucass 1977 mega-hit, Star Wars. The film would even gross more money than that of Spielbergs own Jaws. It was in 1981, however, that Lucas and Spielberg would collaborate on Raiders of the Lost Ark. Aside from making the lead character Indiana Jones, played by Harrison Ford, the biggest action hero in American cinema next to James Bond, the film was nothing short of non-stop entertainment and suspense. ?Raiders puts people in the same place that made me want to make movies as a child, which wanting to enthrall, entertain, take people out of their seats to get them involved in the kind of dialogue with the picture youve made. Theyre just a lot of fun to make? (Graham 530). Grossing around 300 million dollars and spawning two sequels, it earned Steven his second Oscar nomination for Best Director. While ?Raiders? gave him the reputation as the master of action sequences, it would not be until later on that he would be taken as a serious film director. Following ?Raiders,? Steven released what he calls his most personal film, E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial, in 1982. The film, starring a then young Henry Thomas and Drew Barrymore, told the story of an alien and his friendship with a young boy after being left behind by his spaceship. At the time, Steven revealed to the Harper Bazaar, ?the movie is about how I felt when my parents broke up? (Corliss 78). In the words of a USA Today columnist after E.T.s release, ?Steven is the first director since Alfred Hitchcock to become a household name? (Graham 530). In addition to earning Steven yet another Oscar nomination which he lost again, E.T. grossed nearly 400 million dollars beating fellow buddy Lucass blockbuster, Star Wars. .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07 , .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07 .postImageUrl , .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07 , .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07:hover , .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07:visited , .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07:active { border:0!important; } .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07:active , .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07 .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4a9df5035357c123c2c0c7d43f486b07:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Liberal Arts and Business EssayBecause Steven was always interested in so many projects, he was never able to attend to all of those he wished. Thus, in 1984, he founded his own production company, Amblin Entertainment. The result would be a number of great films including Gremlins, The Back to the Future Trilogy, and Who Framed Roger Rabbit? Growing tired of creating action packed stereotypical Spielberg pictures, in 1985 Steven made his first attempt at serious filmmaking, The Color Purple. The story evolved around a woman, played by Whoopi Goldberg, who is oppressed by the men around her. The film, though received by most as deeply moving, received criticism for what so me called ?insensitivity to the realities of poverty, brutality, and black experience? (Graham 531). The film made Whoopi Goldberg into huge star and earned eleven Academy Award nominations. Ironically, Steven was snubbed for Best Director and the film failed to win one award in what would mark the beginning of the Academys reputation for disregarding films that deal with African-American culture. His first attempt at serious filmmaking would lead to 1987s Empire of the Sun, a film about a British boys experience within a Japanese concentration camp during World War II. Once again, his fathers influence showed up on screen. Empire of the Sun and The Color Purple would be among Stevens least commercially successful efforts. In an attempt to rebound off of 1991s box office flop, Hook, Steven released in the summer of 1993 what would become at the time the most successful film in the history of American cinema. When Jurassic Park was released, Steven made us believe that dinosaurs existed through the use of digital effects on computers. Astounding crowds with trademark Spielberg action, the films gross would not be toppled until the 1997 winter release of James Camerons historical epic Titanic. During the shoot of Jurassic Park, Steven began work on another project, Schindlers List, which would become his most critical success of his career. Schindlers List is the true story of Oskar Schindler who saved over one thousand Jews from certain death by employing them in his factory during World War II. One writer for Newsweek noted, ?this movie will shatter you, but it earns its tears honestly? (Corliss 81). The film was nominated for eleven Academy Awards and won seven including Best Picture and finally after all the rejections, Steven won his first Oscar for Best Director. In 1997 when the American Film Institute announced the ?100 Greatest Films of All Time,? five of Stevens films were among them including Schindlers List which ranked at number nine. Following the production of the film, in 1994 Steven founded the Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation, which recorded oral histories of Holocaust survivors. He then followed that up with the Righteous Persons Foundation, which provided grants for Jewish groups and causes. After taking a three-year break from film making, Steven returned in 1997 with a not surprising follow-up to 1993s Jurassic Park entitled The Lost World. Despite the films commercial success, the film has been regarded as the worst work of Stevens career. Even Steven himself has noted that the film was made because he knew that it would be a huge blockbuster. Later that same year, he released the drama Amistad, the true story of African-American mens struggle for freedom aboard the slave ship ?La Amistad.? Even though the film was named as one of the best pictures of the year by critics throughout the country, the film failed to receive any Oscar recognition which some might attribute to the Academys reputation of, once again, disregarding films that deal with African-Americans and their culture. Most recently in 1998, Steven released the World War II drama Saving Private Ryan which single-handedly redefined the term ?movie violence.? Creating what some may call the most graphic and realistic war movie ever made, Steven made the film as a tribute to his father and dedicated it to him after receiving his second Oscar at the seventy-first Annual Academy Awards. People were taught that war is no laughing matter. Steven Spielbergs films have left us with so much to remember. From the horrors of Auschwitz to the image of a boy on a bicycle, sillouhetted against the moon, his films have sketched images in our minds we are unable to forget. Hi s influence upon mainstream Hollywood directing is more than evident. Whether it be making us reflect on past tragedies or teaching us that differences should be celebrated aside from being just recognized, his methods of storytelling have established him as more than just a wonderful film director, but as a great humanitarian. BibliographyWorks CitedCorliss, Richard. ?Peter Pan Grows Up, but Can He Still Fly Time Magazine. 19 May, 1997. 75-82. .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71 , .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71 .postImageUrl , .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71 , .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71:hover , .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71:visited , .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71:active { border:0!important; } .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71:active , .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71 .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0959c8213d6de752ecd0ab15bbdd7c71:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Myth Of Consumerism EssayDyer, Richard. ?At Work Again, he and John Williams Exalt in their Admiring of 24 Years.? Boston Globe 24 Feb. 1998: 4/13/99 http://www.multimania.com/spielbrgStein, Ruthe. ?Biography : Steven Spielberg.? Empire Mar. 1998: 4/13/99 http://www.multimania.com/spielbrgGraham, Judith. Current Biography Yearbook 1996. New York: H.W. Wilson Company, 1996. Gritten, David. ?When the Going Got Tough: Steven Spielbergs D-Day Drama ?Saving Private Ryan salutes the ?citizen soldier of WWII.? L.A. Times 10, May 1998: 4/13/99 http://www.multimania.com/spielbrgMartinelle, Betty. Personal Interview. 11 Apr. 1999. Biographies